Trillium stamineum

Harbison

Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 23. 1901.

Common names: Twisted trillium
IllustratedEndemic
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 115. Mentioned on page 95, 106, 114.

Rhizomes horizontal, brownish, short, thick, praemorse, not brittle. Scapes 1–3, round in cross section, 1.5–3 dm, slender to stout, pilose-pubescent, rarely glabrous. Bracts held well above ground, sessile; blade light silvery or bluish green with strong to faint mottling in darker colors, mottling becoming obscure with age, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6.3–7.6 × 3.3–5 cm, larger bracts abaxially pilose-pubescent, margins entire, apex acute. Flower erect, odor strong, of carrion; sepals displayed above bracts, spreading to ± horizontal position, green, purple markings adaxially, lanceolate-elliptic, 17–40 mm, margins entire, purple, apex acuminate; petals long-lasting, spreading and carried in ± horizontal position unlike any other sessile trillium, very deep maroon to blackish red, rarely yellow, purple-streaked, with 1–2 spiral twists, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or linear, narrow, 1.5–3.8 × 0.3–0.6 cm, rarely broader, thick-textured, margins entire, apex sharply acute to rounded, tips incurving slightly; stamens fully exposed, somewhat stiffly erect, dark purple, 16–24 mm, thick; filaments dark purple, 2–4 mm, basally dilated; anthers erect, straight, dark purple, 13–18 mm, thick, dehiscence extrorse; connectives dark purple, straight, coarse, flat, ± not extended beyond anther sacs; ovary dark purple, oval, 6-angled, 5–7 mm; stigmas erect, widely spreading, often strongly recurved or recoiled, distinct, purple, linear, 4–10 mm, slightly thickened basally. Fruits baccate, purple, odorless, ovoid, strongly 6-angled, sometimes winged, 2 × 1–1.5 cm, pulpy, moist. 2n = 10.


Phenology: Flowering spring (late Mar–mid May).
Habitat: Dry, upland woods of deciduous trees, deciduous forest mixed with pines, soil on limestone outcroppings, mesic woods, sandy flats along medium streams, steep wooded slopes, banks of rivers
Elevation: 50–200 m

Discussion

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Trillium stamineum"
Frederick W. Case Jr. +
Harbison +
Twisted trillium +
Ala. +, Miss. +  and Tenn. +
50–200 m +
Dry, upland woods of deciduous trees, deciduous forest mixed with pines, soil on limestone outcroppings, mesic woods, sandy flats along medium streams, steep wooded slopes, banks of rivers +
Flowering spring (late Mar–mid May). +
Biltmore Bot. Stud. +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
Trillium stamineum +
Trillium subg. Phyllantherum +
species +