View source for Sinapis arvensis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sinapis arvensis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 668. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Charlock;wild mustard
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brassica arvensis
|authority=(Linnaeus) Rabenhorst
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brassica kaber
|authority=(de Candolle) L. C. Wheeler
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Brassica sinapistrum
|authority=Boissier
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sinapis kaber
|authority=de Candolle
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Sinapis;Sinapis arvensis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sinapis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Sinapis arvensis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 442
|treatment_page=page 443
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>hirsute, hispid, or glabrous. <b>Stems</b> unbranched or branched, (0.5–)2–10(–21) dm, (often hirsute or hispid, sometimes glabrous, trichomes retrorse or spreading). <b>Basal</b> leaves: (proximal) petiole 1–4(–7) cm; blade obovate, oblong, or lanceolate, (3–)4–18(–25) cm × 15–50(–70) mm, margins lyrate, pinnatifid, or, sometimes, undivided; lobes 1–4 each side, margins of terminal and smaller lateral lobes coarsely toothed, (surfaces sparsely pubescent). <b>Cauline</b> leaves usually shortly petiolate, rarely subsessile; blade margins often not divided, coarsely toothed. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels ascending or suberect, (2–)3–7 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals (yellow or green), (4.5–)5–6(–7) × 1–1.8 mm; petals bright yellow, (8–)9–12(–17) × (3–)4–6(–7.5) mm; filaments (3–)4–6 mm; anthers 1.2–1.5 mm. <b>Fruits</b> linear, (1.5–)2–4.5(–5.7) cm × (1.5–)2.5–3.5(–4) mm; valvular segment terete, (0.6–)1.2–3.5(–4.3) cm, (2–)4–8(–12)-seeded per locule; terminal segment (straight or upcurved), conical or subulate, terete, (0.7–)1–1.6 cm, shorter than valves, seedless or 1-seeded; valves glabrous or pubescent, trichomes of 1 type. <b>Seeds</b> reddish brown to black, (1–)1.5–2 mm diam. <b>2n</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Oct.
|habitat=Roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas, fields, grain fields, orchards
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;introduced also in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (Argentina);nw;s Africa;Atlantic Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Infraspecific taxa have been recognized in <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> on the basis of minor variation in fruit and basal leaf morphology, but the species is extremely variable, and none of the variants is recognized here.</p><!--
--><p><i>Sinapis arvensis</i> is one of the most widespread and abundant weeds of cultivated grain fields in North America, causing crop losses and acting as host for viruses and fungi that also attack some cruciferous vegetable crops (G. A. Mulligan and L. G. Bailey 1975; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985; R. C. Rollins and Al-Shehbaz 1986). It is generally considered a native of Eurasia and is thought to have been introduced into the New World by European settlers about 400 years ago. Recent archaeological and ethnobotanical studies (H. A. Jacobson et al. 1988) indicate that it (as <i>Brassica</i> kaber) grew in the northeastern United States as early as 8000 years ago and suggest that it originally had a semi-circumboreal distribution.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=mulligan1975a
|text=Mulligan, G. A. and L. G. Bailey. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis L. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 55: 171–183.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sinapis arvensis
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Brassica arvensis;Brassica kaber;Brassica sinapistrum;Sinapis kaber
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Oct.
|habitat=Roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas, fields, grain fields, orchards
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Eurasia;introduced also in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (Argentina);nw;s Africa;Atlantic Islands;Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=mulligan1975a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_668.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Sinapis
|species=Sinapis arvensis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Sinapis]]