View source for Quercus marilandica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Quercus marilandica
|accepted_authority=Münchhausen
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Hausvater
|place=5(1): 253. 1770
|year=1770
}}
|common_names=Blackjack oak
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Lobatae;Quercus marilandica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fagaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Quercus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Quercus sect. Lobatae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Quercus marilandica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree some measurement"><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, to 15 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;block architecture or course;block shape;inner bark coloration"><b>Bark </b>almost black, with irregular or rectangular blocks, inner bark orangish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="twig coloration;twig diameter;twig diameter;twig diameter;twig pubescence;twig pubescence;twig pubescence"><b>Twigs </b>ashy brown, (1-) 2-4 (-5) mm diam., pubescent to tomentose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="terminal bud shape;terminal bud shape;terminal bud some measurement;terminal bud shape;terminal bud coloration;terminal bud pubescence"><b>Terminal </b>buds conic or narrowly ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 mm, noticeably 5-angled in cross-section, tawny pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="petiole some measurement;petiole pubescence"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 5-20 mm, densely to sparsely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade width;base shape;base shape;blade shape;lobe quantity;lobe depth;lobe width;lobe quantity;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade obovate to obtrullate, (50-) 70-200 × (40-) 70-200 mm, base rounded or cordate, blade not decurrent, margins with 3-5 shallow, often very broad lobes and 3-10 awns, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;secondary-vein arrangement;secondary-vein character;secondary-vein reflectance;secondary-vein pubescence">surfaces abaxially scurfy or with scattered pubescence, adaxially glossy, glabrous, secondary-veins raised on both surfaces.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="acorn duration"><b>Acorns </b>biennial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="cup shape;cup width;cup width;nut quantity;outer surface pubescence;inner surface pubescence;scale tip architecture or fragility;scale tip shape;scale tip shape">cup turbinate, 6-10 mm high × 13-18 mm wide, covering 1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface pubescent, scale tips loose, especially at margin of cup, acute or acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="nut shape;nut shape;nut length;nut width;nut coloration or pubescence or relief;nut pubescence;scar diam;2n chromosome quantity">nut broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, 12-20 × 10-18 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 5-8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 12.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">[R. C. <b>Friesner</b> 1930. J. W. <b>Duffield</b> (1940) suggested that Friesner was counting bivalents; if so, then 2n = 24, consistent with all other reports for Quercus.]</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Poor shallow soils of glades, barrens and flatwoods, disturbed fields, rocky outcrops, and dry ridges
|elevation=0-900 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p>Evidence suggests that small trees from the western portion of the range (primarily Texas and Oklahoma) should be recognized as Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. ashei Sudworth (D. M. Hunt 1989). These trees are characterized by 50-70 × 40-60 mm leaf blades with abaxial surfaces gray-tomentose in vein axils.</p><!--
--><p>Quercus marilandica reportedly hybridizes with Q. buckleyi and Q. falcata (E. J. Palmer 1948); and with Q. georgiana, Q. ilicifolia (= Q. ×brittoni W. T. Davis), Q. imbricaria [= Q. ×tridentata (A. de Candolle) Engelmann], Q. incana, Q. nigra, Q. phellos (Q. ×rudkini Britton), and Q. velutina (= Q. ×bushii Sargent). D. M. Hunt (1989) cited evidence of hybridization also with Q. arkansana, Q. hemisphaerica, Q. laevis, Q. laurifolia, Q. myrtifolia, Q. palustris, and Q. rubra.</p><!--
--><p>The Choctaw used Quercus marilandica to ease cramps and to aid in childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Quercus marilandica
|author=
|authority=Münchhausen
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fagaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Poor shallow soils of glades, barrens and flatwoods, disturbed fields, rocky outcrops, and dry ridges
|elevation=0-900 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Hausvater
|publication year=1770
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_901.xml
|genus=Quercus
|section=Quercus sect. Lobatae
|species=Quercus marilandica
|2n chromosome quantity=12
|acorn duration=biennial
|apex shape=rounded;acute;obtuse
|bark coloration=black
|base shape=cordate;rounded
|blade shape=not decurrent
|block architecture or course=irregular
|block shape=rectangular
|cup shape=turbinate
|cup width=×13-18;6mm;10mm
|inner bark coloration=orangish
|inner surface pubescence=pubescent
|leaf-blade atypical length=50mm;70mm
|leaf-blade atypical width=40mm;70mm
|leaf-blade length=70mm;200mm
|leaf-blade shape=obovate;obtrullate
|leaf-blade width=70mm;200mm
|lobe depth=shallow
|lobe quantity=3;10
|lobe width=broad
|nut coloration or pubescence or relief=striate
|nut length=12mm;20mm
|nut pubescence=glabrate
|nut quantity=1/3
|nut shape=ellipsoid;ovoid
|nut width=10mm;18mm
|outer surface pubescence=puberulent
|petiole pubescence=pubescent
|petiole some measurement=5mm;20mm
|scale tip architecture or fragility=loose
|scale tip shape=acuminate;acute
|scar diam=5mm;8mm
|secondary-vein arrangement=scattered
|secondary-vein character=pubescence
|secondary-vein pubescence=glabrous
|secondary-vein reflectance=glossy
|surface pubescence=with scattered pubescence , adaxially glossy , glabrous , secondary-veins;scurfy
|terminal bud coloration=tawny
|terminal bud pubescence=pubescent
|terminal bud shape=5-angled;ovoid-ellipsoid;conic
|terminal bud some measurement=5mm;10mm
|tree duration=deciduous
|tree some measurement=0m;15m
|twig coloration=ashy brown
|twig diameter=2mm;4mm
|twig pubescence=pubescent;tomentose
}}<!--

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