View source for Gratiola

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Gratiola
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 17. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Hedge-hyssop
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Amphianthus
|authority=Torrey
}}
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Gratiola
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Gratiola]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin gratia, graceful, and -ola, diminutive, alluding to medicinal qualities of some species
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 14, 266, 268, 270, 272, 277
|treatment_page=page 264
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial. <b>Stems</b> decumbent to ascending or erect, glabrous or glandular-hairy. <b>Leaves</b> cauline (also basal and clustered in <i>G. amphiantha</i>), opposite, monomorphic (dimorphic in <i>G. amphiantha</i>); petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire or toothed, surfaces often glandular-punctate. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, flowers 1 or 2 per node; bracts present. <b>Pedicels</b> present, sometimes short; bracteoles present or absent, sepal-like. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; sepals 5, distinct or proximally connate, calyx ± bilaterally symmetric, campanulate, lobes (sepals when distinct) linear to lanceolate, obovate, or oblong; corolla white, cream, or yellow, sometimes pinkish, tube yellowish, brownish, or purplish, often with dark veins, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or gibbous, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2, nearly completely connate and appearing as 1 emarginate lobe, throat glabrous or pubescent; stamens 2, medially adnate to corolla, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs perpendicular to filaments, connective dilated; staminodes 0 or 2, minute; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate or lamelliform. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence septicidal, sometimes also loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> ca. 200, yellow to brown or black, oblong to obpyramidal or short-cylindric, wings absent. × = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);South America;Europe;e Asia (Japan);Africa (Morocco);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (13 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Members of <i>Gratiola</i> sometimes are confused with <i>Lindernia</i> and <i>Mecardonia</i>. <i>Sophronanthe</i> often is included in <i>Gratiola</i>; molecular and morphological data support separating the two as sister genera (D. Estes 2008).</p><!--
--><p>This treatment was prepared in part from information contained in a partial manuscript submitted by D. Estes.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=estes2008a
|text=Estes, D. 2008. Systematics of Gratiola (Plantaginaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Tennessee.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules bilaterally symmetric; leaves dimorphic, submersed blades usually narrower than floating blades.
|[[Gratiola amphiantha|Gratiola amphiantha]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Capsules ± radially symmetric; leaves monomorphic, submersed blades absent or, if present, similar to emersed blades.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Bracteoles 0 or 1; leaf blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, 1–3 mm wide, margins entire or with 1 or 2(or 3) pairs of blunt teeth.
|[[Gratiola ramosa|Gratiola ramosa]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Bracteoles (1 or)2; if 1, leaf blades lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, ovate, or oblong, rarely linear-lanceolate, (1–)3–8(–13) mm wide, margins with (1 or)2–4 pairs of sharp teeth.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corolla limbs yellow, rarely white or cream, veins yellow to orangish yellow, rarely white; pedicels sparsely glandular-puberulent.
|[[Gratiola lutea|Gratiola lutea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corolla limbs white, veins yellow, brownish yellow, blue, or lavender; pedicels sparsely to densely glandular-puberulent to glandular-pubescent.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade margins with (1 or)2–4 pairs of teeth, blades lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate or oblong; corolla veins yellow or brownish yellow; sepals linear-lanceolate.
|[[Gratiola brevifolia|Gratiola brevifolia]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaf blade margins with (3–)5–10(–12) pairs of teeth, blades lanceolate-ovate to ovate or oblong, rarely linear-lanceolate in submersed forms; corolla veins blue or lavender; sepals lanceolate to elliptic or ovate-lanceolate.
|[[Gratiola viscidula|Gratiola viscidula]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Annuals.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bracteoles 0; w North America.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Calyces slightly bilaterally symmetric, sepals distinct, (4–)7–11 mm, lanceolate; leaf blade apices acuminate to attenuate.
|[[Gratiola ebracteata|Gratiola ebracteata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Calyces distinctly bilaterally symmetric, sepals connate proximally, lobes 3.5–6 mm, elliptic-oblanceolate; leaf blade apices obtuse to rounded.
|[[Gratiola heterosepala|Gratiola heterosepala]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Bracteoles 1 or 2; e, c, or w North America.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Corolla limbs yellow; capsules ovoid.
|[[Gratiola torreyi|Gratiola torreyi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Corolla limbs white, sometimes tinged pink, lavender, or purple; capsules ovoid to short-cylindric or subglobular.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pedicels stout, 1–12 mm, lengths 0.1–0.3 times bracts.
|[[Gratiola virginiana|Gratiola virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Pedicels slender, (5–)7–45(–55) mm, lengths (0.3–)0.4–2(–2.3) times bracts.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Corollas 14–25 mm; pedicels 20–45(–55) mm.
|[[Gratiola floridana|Gratiola floridana]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Corollas 7–12 mm; pedicels (5–)7–35 mm.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blades 6–13(–18) mm; pedicel lengths 0.9–2(–2.3) times bracts; granite outcrops.
|[[Gratiola graniticola|Gratiola graniticola]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Leaf blades 10–65 mm; pedicel lengths (0.3–)0.4–1(–1.6) times bracts; wet meadows, stream banks, shores of ponds, mudflats, salt marshes, crop fields, seeps, pools, and streams in limestone and dolomite glades, calcareous grasslands.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades linear to narrowly elliptic, oblanceolate, or elliptic-obovate, rarely falcate, 3–11(–18) mm wide, margins with (1 or)2–5(–7) pairs of blunt to sharp teeth, rarely entire; wet meadows, stream banks, shores of ponds, mudflats, salt marshes, crop fields.
|[[Gratiola neglecta|Gratiola neglecta]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate or lanceolate-elliptic, often falcate, (1–)2.5–5 mm wide, margins entire or with 1 or 2(or 3) pairs of blunt teeth distally; seeps, pools, and streams in limestone and dolomite glades, calcareous grasslands.
|[[Gratiola quartermaniae|Gratiola quartermaniae]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Gratiola
|author=Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Amphianthus
|basionyms=
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala);South America;Europe;e Asia (Japan);Africa (Morocco);Pacific Islands (New Zealand);Australia.
|reference=estes2008a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_639.xml
|genus=Gratiola
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Plantaginaceae]]