View source for Trianthema portulacastrum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trianthema portulacastrum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 223. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Desert horse-purslane
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trianthema monogyna
|authority=Linnaeus
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trianthema procumbens
|authority=Miller
}}
|hierarchy=Aizoaceae;Trianthema;Trianthema portulacastrum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Aizoaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trianthema]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Trianthema portulacastrum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 83
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant duration;plant texture;plant pubescence"><b>Plants </b>annual, succulent, usually glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem architecture;stem some measurement"><b>Stems </b>prostrate or decumbent, diffusely branched, to 10 dm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="branch life cycle;line position;hair size">young branches with lines of minute hairs proximal to petioles.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf size;leaf arrangement"><b>Leaves:</b> unequal pairs alternating along stem;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule shape">stipules dilated at base;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade variability">petiole usually equaling blade;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade some measurement;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">blade elliptic to orbiculate, to 4 cm, apex obtuse, often notched, or apiculate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture;stipule architecture or shape;bract architecture or shape"><b>Inflorescences:</b> flowers usually solitary, sessile, in axils of smaller leaves (bracts) of some pairs, partly covered by sheathing stipule of bracts;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="bracteole fusion;bracteole some measurement;apex shape">bracteoles connate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyx some measurement"><b>Flowers:</b> calyx 3–5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="calyx lobe coloration or density;calyx lobe shape;calyx lobe some measurement">calyx lobes purple adaxially, lanceolate, 2.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen count">stamens 5–10.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="capsule shape;capsule course;capsule some measurement;capsule pubescence or texture;stem position relational;seed count"><b>Capsules </b>cylindric, ± curved, 4–5 mm, corky, basal portion appearing embedded in stem, apical portion containing 1 seed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="apical wing count;apical wing prominence;apical wing orientation;apical wing shape">apical wings 2, prominent, erect, crestlike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed count;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement"><b>Seeds </b>ca. 7, dull reddish-brown to black, ridged, 1.5–2 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Moist or seasonally dry, usually open, wetlands including alkaline flats, playa lakes, banks of rivers, creeks, roadside depressions, beaches, disturbed areas including gardens, irrigated soils and ditches, fields, ballast, stockyards, sidewalks, railroad tracks
|elevation=0-1000 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;Nev.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa.
|discussion=<p>In Arizona, Trianthema portulacastrum is a host plant of the beet leafhopper (T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles 1960). Seed dispersal is achieved by several methods: one seed is dispersed in the detached cap of the capsule, which can float, and the other seeds are either dispersed individually from the capsule or remain on the annual, parent plant where they will germinate and establish new plants where the parent once grew or was deposited.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trianthema portulacastrum
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Trianthema monogyna;Trianthema procumbens
|basionyms=
|family=Aizoaceae
|habitat=Moist or seasonally dry, usually open, wetlands including alkaline flats, playa lakes, banks of rivers, creeks, roadside depressions, beaches, disturbed areas including gardens, irrigated soils and ditches, fields, ballast, stockyards, sidewalks, railroad tracks
|elevation=0-1000 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;Nev.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Africa.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_171.xml
|genus=Trianthema
|species=Trianthema portulacastrum
|apex shape=acute;apiculate;notched;apiculate;notched;obtuse
|apical wing count=2
|apical wing orientation=erect
|apical wing prominence=prominent
|apical wing shape=crestlike
|blade shape=elliptic;orbiculate
|blade some measurement=0cm;4cm
|blade variability=equaling
|bract architecture or shape=sheathing
|bracteole fusion=connate
|bracteole some measurement=1mm;1.5mm
|branch life cycle=young
|calyx lobe coloration or density=purple
|calyx lobe shape=lanceolate
|calyx lobe some measurement=2.5
|calyx some measurement=3mm;5mm
|capsule course=curved
|capsule pubescence or texture=corky
|capsule shape=cylindric
|capsule some measurement=4mm;5mm
|flower architecture=sessile
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|hair size=minute
|leaf arrangement=alternating
|leaf size=unequal
|line position=proximal
|plant duration=annual
|plant pubescence=glabrous
|plant texture=succulent
|seed coloration=reddish-brown;black
|seed count=7;1
|seed shape=ridged
|seed some measurement=1.5mm;2mm
|stamen count=5;10
|stem architecture=branched
|stem growth form or orientation=decumbent;prostrate
|stem position relational=embedded
|stem some measurement=0dm;10dm
|stipule architecture or shape=sheathing
|stipule shape=dilated
}}<!--

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