View source for Abutilon ← Abutilon You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Abutilon |accepted_authority=Miller |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |place=4, vol. 1. 1754 |year=1754 }} |common_names=Indian-mallow |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Malvaceae;Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae;Abutilon |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Malvaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Abutilon]]</div></div> |etymology=probably Arabic abu, father of, and Persian tula or tulha, mallow |volume=Volume 6 |mention_page=page 217, 221, 226, 239 |treatment_page=page 220 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Subshrubs,</b> shrubs, or herbs. <b>Stems</b> erect, sometimes trailing (<i>A. parvulum</i>) or procumbent or ascending (<i>A. wrightii</i>), glabrescent or pubescent, sometimes viscid (<i>A. hirtum</i>, <i>A. reventum</i>, <i>A. trisulcatum</i>). <b>Leaves</b>: stipules usually persistent, subulate, lanceolate, or filiform; blade elliptic, ovate, [cordiform], sometimes shallowly lobed, but not maplelike [sometimes umbellate]; involucel absent. <b>Flowers</b>: calyx not accrescent (except <i>A. hulseanum</i>, <i>A. hypoleucum</i>, <i>A. palmeri</i>, and <i>A. wrightii</i>), not inflated, not completely enclosing fruit, lobes not ribbed, lanceolate, ovate, cordate, or acuminate; corolla usually yellow or orange, less often pinkish, sometimes with dark red center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3(–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. <b>Fruits</b> schizocarps, erect, not inflated, globose, ovoid, oblate, cask-shaped, or cylindric, usually not indurate, variably hairy but not setose; mericarps 5–25, 1-celled follicle, adherent to adjacent mericarps and persistent on their axes, without dorsal spur, apex usually acute or acuminate to spinescent, sometimes rounded or obtuse, abaxially dehiscent. <b>Seeds</b> usually 3–6 per mericarp, usually turbinate, puberulent or scabridulous. <b>x</b> = 7, 8.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia. |discussion=<p>Species ca. 160 (18 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p><i>Abutilon</i> is mostly tropical and subtropical with relatively few species reaching into fully temperate climates.</p><!-- --><p>The South American native <i>Abutilon</i> megapotamicum (A. Sprengel) A. Saint-Hilaire & Naudin (= A. vexillarium E. Morren) is sometimes grown as a basket plant in colder regions and perhaps in the open in frost-free areas; it is not naturalized in the flora area. Another South American species, A. striatum Dickson ex Lindley [= A. pictum (Gillies ex Hooker) Walpers], has been widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental and is naturalized in some tropical countries. This species is grown in North American gardens as a perennial in warmer climates and an annual in colder ones, but is not known to be naturalized in the flora area. <i>Abutilon</i> indicum (Linnaeus) Sweet has been said to be naturalized in southern Florida (L. H. Bailey et al. 1976); its occurrence in the flora area has not been substantiated. This species has an Indo-Australian origin (J. van Borssum Waalkes 1966) and is naturalized in the West Indies. <i>Abutilon</i> grandifolium (Willdenow) Sweet is sometimes cultivated and may escape.</p><!-- --><p>Outside North America, plants of <i>Abutilon</i> may be arborescent, and their corollas may be of other colors although yellow or yellow-orange predominates.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=fryxell1983a |text=Fryxell, J. E. 1983. A revision of Abutilon sect. Oligocarpae (Malvaceae), including a new species from Mexico. Madroño 30: 84–92. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=fryxell2002a |text=Fryxell, P. A. 2002. An Abutilon nomenclator. Lundellia 5: 79–118. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=kearney1955a |text=Kearney, T. H. 1955. A tentative key to the North American species of Abutilon Miller. Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 241–254. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Styles 5-branched |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Styles 6–25-branched |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Stems trailing; leaf blades sparsely pubescent, surface visible; flowers solitary; petals pinkish, without dark center. |[[Abutilon parvulum|Abutilon parvulum]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Calyces 5–8 mm; corollas rotate, petals 9–15 mm, yellow, without dark center; leaf blade margins sharply serrate |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Calyces 3–5 mm; corollas often reflexed, petals 4–6 mm, yellow or pink, often with dark center; leaf blade margins irregularly crenate-serrate |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Calyces 5–6 mm, lobes fully reflexed in fruit; petals 10–15 mm; inflorescences open panicles or solitary flowers. |[[Abutilon coahuilae|Abutilon coahuilae]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Calyces 6–8 mm, lobes erect in fruit; petals 9–15 mm; inflorescences compact panicles. |[[Abutilon malacum|Abutilon malacum]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Young stems terete, minutely tomentulose; fruits cask-shaped, not medially constricted |[[Abutilon incanum|Abutilon incanum]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Young stems 3-sulcate, often viscid in inflorescence; fruits subcylindric, medially constricted. |[[Abutilon trisulcatum|Abutilon trisulcatum]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Stems pubescent and with simple hairs 2–5 mm |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Stems viscid; corollas orange-yellow with dark red center; styles 20–25-branched |[[Abutilon hirtum|Abutilon hirtum]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Stems not viscid; corollas pale yellow or yellow-orange without red center; styles 6–12-branched |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Petals 20 mm, yellowish, fading pinkish; seeds 4–6 per mericarp |[[Abutilon hulseanum|Abutilon hulseanum]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Petals 5–12 mm, yellowish or yellow-orange, not fading pinkish; seeds 3 per mericarp |[[#key-0-9| > 9]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Leaf blades 10–20 cm; inflorescences paniculate; petals 5–8 mm; styles 8–10-branched. |[[Abutilon mollicomum|Abutilon mollicomum]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Leaf blades 2.5–6.5 cm; inflorescences solitary flowers; petals 8–12 mm; styles 6–8-branched. |[[Abutilon parishii|Abutilon parishii]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Apices of mericarps spinose. |[[Abutilon theophrasti|Abutilon theophrasti]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Apices of mericarps not spinose (obtuse, rounded, acute, acuminate, or apiculate) |[[#key-0-11| > 11]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Plants procumbent or ascending, to 0.5 m; leaf blades 1.5–4 cm, ± as long as wide, markedly discolorous; styles 6–9-branched. |[[Abutilon wrightii|Abutilon wrightii]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Plants erect, 0.5–2 m; leaf blades 2–12(–20) cm, often longer than wide, concolorous or discolorous; styles 6–15-branched |[[#key-0-12| > 12]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Styles 13–15-branched; calyx lobes broadly cordate, often 8–20+ mm wide, accrescent in fruit. |[[Abutilon hypoleucum|Abutilon hypoleucum]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Styles 6–12-branched; calyx lobes cordate, lanceolate-ovate, or acuminate, to 8 mm wide, little if at all accrescent |[[#key-0-13| > 13]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Calyces 3–6 mm |[[#key-0-14| > 14]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Calyces 8–15(–20) mm |[[#key-0-15| > 15]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Styles 6–9-branched; mericarp apices acute or apiculate; stems stellate-tomentulose; leaf blades ± concolorous. |[[Abutilon fruticosum|Abutilon fruticosum]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Styles 10-branched; mericarp apices rounded or obtuse; stems minutely glandular-pubescent to glabrate; leaf blades strongly discolorous. |[[Abutilon reventum|Abutilon reventum]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Leaf blades roughly pubescent; styles 8–10-branched |[[#key-0-16| > 16]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Leaf blades softly tomentose; styles 10–12-branched |[[#key-0-17| > 17]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Stems without glandular hairs; seeds reticulately scabridulous; calyx basally truncate. |[[Abutilon abutiloides|Abutilon abutiloides]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Stems with glandular and stellate hairs intermixed; seeds uniformly puberulent; calyx basally cuneate. |[[Abutilon berlandieri|Abutilon berlandieri]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Leaf blades ± as wide as long; petals 20–25 mm; stems stellate-pubescent and sometimes with simple hairs 1–2 mm. |[[Abutilon palmeri|Abutilon palmeri]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Leaf blades ca. 2 times as long as wide; petals 10–18 mm; stems stellate-pubescent. |[[Abutilon permolle|Abutilon permolle]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Abutilon |author=Paul A. Fryxell†;Steven R. Hill |authority=Miller |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Malvaceae |distribution=United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Australia. |reference=fryxell1983a;fryxell2002a;kearney1955a |publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. |publication year=1754 |special status= |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_387.xml |subfamily=Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae |genus=Abutilon }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Malvaceae subfam. Malvoideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Malvaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Abutilon.