View source for Cirsium carolinianum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cirsium carolinianum
|accepted_authority=(Walter) Fernald & B. G. Schubert
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Rhodora
|place=50: 229. 1948
|year=1948
}}
|common_names=Carolina or purple or soft or smallhead thistle
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Carduus carolinianus
|authority=Walter
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Carol.,
|publication_place=195. 1788
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium flaccidum
|authority=(Small) Petrak
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Cirsium;Cirsium carolinianum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cirsium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cirsium carolinianum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 98
|treatment_page=page 118
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Biennials,</b> 50–180 cm; taproots short with many slender, fibrous lateral roots. <b>Stems</b> usually single, erect, glabrous to ± tomentose, sometimes sparsely villous with septate trichomes; branches few, usually distal, ascending. <b>Leaves</b>: blades linear to oblanceolate or elliptic, 10–30 × 1–5 cm, unlobed and spinulose to irregularly dentate or pinnatifid, lobes narrowly to broadly triangular, sometimes coarsely toothed or lobed toward base, acuminate, main spines slender, 1–5 mm, abaxial faces gray-tomentose, adaxial glabrous or sparsely villous with septate trichomes; basal often present at flowering, petioles slender, winged, bases long-tapered; principal cauline relatively few (10–25), petiolate or distal sessile, mostly restricted to proximal 1/2 of stems, progressively reduced distally, bases tapered, not decurrent; distal cauline widely separated, linear to narrowly elliptic, reduced, becoming ± bractlike, merely spinulose to irregularly dentate or shallowly lobed. <b>Heads</b> (1–)2–9(–many), in paniculiform arrays. <b>Peduncles</b> slender, 1–15 cm (not overtopped by distal leaves). <b>Involucres</b> narrowly ovoid to campanulate, 1.2–2 × 1.2–2 cm, thinly arachnoid-ciliate. <b>Phyllaries</b> in 7–10 series, imbricate, green, linear to lanceolate (outer) or linear to linear-lanceolate (inner), abaxial faces with narrow, glutinous ridge; outer and middle ascending to appressed, bodies entire, apices widely spreading (at least the outer), spines ascending to spreading (at least the outer), slender, 1–4 mm; apices of inner phyllaries flat, often twisted, acuminate. <b>Corollas</b> pink-purple (white), 15–20 mm, tubes 5–9 mm, throats 5–7 mm (noticeably wider than tubes), lobes 4–5 mm; style tips 4 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> light brown, 3–4 mm, apical collars yellowish, 0.5–1 mm; pappi 12–14 mm. <b>2n</b> = 20, 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul).
|habitat=Wooded areas, openings, fields, roadsides
|elevation=50–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.
|discussion=<p><i>Cirsium carolinianum</i> is widely distributed in the southeastern United States: on the Gulf coastal plain from Texas to Alabama north through the Ouachita and Ozark highlands to southeastern Missouri; in the Ohio River Valley from southernmost Illinois to southern Ohio and northern Kentucky; and in the southern Appalachians and Piedmont from Alabama and Tennessee to southern Virginia. <i>Cirsium carolinianum</i>, though widespread, is a taxon of conservation concern over part of its range. The replacement of open woods by dense forests brought about by fire suppression has greatly reduced available habitat.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cirsium carolinianum
|authority=(Walter) Fernald & B. G. Schubert
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Cirsium flaccidum
|basionyms=Carduus carolinianus
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul).
|habitat=Wooded areas, openings, fields, roadsides
|elevation=50–300 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.
|reference=None
|publication title=Rhodora
|publication year=1948
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_70.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Cirsium
|species=Cirsium carolinianum
}}<!--

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