View source for Symphyotrichum firmum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Symphyotrichum firmum
|accepted_authority=(Nees) G. L. Nesom
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Phytologia
|place=77: 282. 1995
|year=1995
}}
|common_names=Glossy-leaved aster
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Aster firmus
|authority=Nees
|rank=species
|publication_title=Syn. Aster. Herb.,
|publication_place=25. 1818
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Aster lucidulus
|authority=(A. Gray) Wiegand
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Aster puniceus var. firmus
|authority=(Nees) Torrey & A. Gray
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum;Symphyotrichum firmum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Symphyotrichum firmum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 469, 476, 501, 522, 525
|treatment_page=page 526
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 40–250 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. <b>Stems</b> 1, erect (straight, ± thin, 2–8 mm diam at base, ± ribbed, red above each node), glabrous or glabrate (very sparsely hispidulous) proximally to ± hispidulous distally. <b>Leaves</b> (crowded, light green, shiny) firm, margins crenulate-serrate or entire, revolute, apices acute to acuminate, mucronate, abaxial faces glabrous or midveins sometimes with hairs apically, adaxial glabrous; basal withering by flowering, subpetiolate (petioles dilated, winged, sheathing), blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 30–100+ × 3–20+ mm, bases attenuate to cuneate, margins remotely crenate-serrate to subentire, apices acute to rounded; proximal cauline withering by flowering, sessile or subpetiolate (petioles widely winged, clasping), blades oblanceolate, 50–150 × 20–30 mm, greatly reduced distally, bases auriculate, clasping, apices acute to acuminate; distal sessile, blades lanceolate to lance-elliptic to oblanceolate, 40–70 × 10–25 mm, little reduced distally, bases auriculate, clasping, margins entire, apices acute to acuminate. <b>Heads</b> in densely paniculiform arrays, branches ascending, densely leafy (branch leaves often overtopping heads). <b>Peduncles</b> 0.2–3+ cm, glabrous or pilose in lines, bracts 4–6, lanceolate-linear, often subtending heads. <b>Involucres</b> campanulate, 6–12 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> in 4–5(–6) series, linear-lanceolate to linear, slightly unequal, bases indurate 1/5–1/2, margins not scarious (outer) to narrowly scarious, erose, hyaline, sparsely ciliolate, green zones linear-lanceolate, outer sometimes ± foliaceous, apices acute to acuminate or long-acuminate to caudate, faces glabrous. <b>Ray</b> florets 20–40; corollas usually blue to pale lavender, sometimes white, laminae 9–18 × 1.0–1.2 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 30–50; corollas yellow or cream becoming pink or purple, (4.5–)5–6.4 mm, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes triangular to lanceolate, 0.6–0.9 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> purple or brown, obovoid, oblong or oblanceolate, ± falcate, ± compressed, 1.5–3 mm, 3–4-nerved, faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose; pappi white, 5.2–8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Oct.
|habitat=Open, wet soils, spreading into mesic mineral soils, fens, marshes, wet roadsides
|elevation=100–400 m
|distribution=Alta.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Ga.;Iowa;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.
|discussion=<p>The range of this little known species is badly defined because some specimens attributed to it are in fact white-rayed, glabrate forms of <i>Symphyotrichum puniceum</i>. More work is needed to verify the status of this species.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=warners1999a
|text=Warners, D. P. and D. C. Laughlin. 1999. Evidence for a species-level distinction of two co-occurring asters: Aster puniceus L. and Aster firmus Nees. Michigan Bot. 38: 19–31.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Symphyotrichum firmum
|authority=(Nees) G. L. Nesom
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Aster lucidulus;Aster puniceus var. firmus
|basionyms=Aster firmus
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Oct.
|habitat=Open, wet soils, spreading into mesic mineral soils, fens, marshes, wet roadsides
|elevation=100–400 m
|distribution=Alta.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Ga.;Iowa;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.
|reference=warners1999a
|publication title=Phytologia
|publication year=1995
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_1169.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Symphyotrichum
|subgenus=Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
|section=Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
|species=Symphyotrichum firmum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum]]