View source for Viola canadensis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola canadensis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 936. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola canadensis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola canadensis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 112, 117, 126, 127, 136, 159
|treatment_page=page 125
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 3–46(–60) cm, with branching rhizomes forming colonies or not. <b>Stems</b> 1–3(4), usually erect to ascending, glabrous or puberulent, from fleshy or subligneous rhizome. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules ± oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes glandular, apex acuminate to cuspidate; petiole 1.1–23 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate to broadly ovate or ovate-reniform, 0.7–12.4 × 0.9–11.1(–12.3) cm, base cordate, subcordate, or truncate, margins crenate, crenulate, or serrulate, ciliate (sometimes only on proximal 1/2) or eciliate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or puberulent (often only on veins); cauline similar to basal except: stipules also deltate, margins also erose or laciniate, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate, occasionally 2- or 3-fid; petiole 0.1–6.9(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 1.2–7.7 × 0.8–7.8 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate or crenulate to ± serrulate. <b>Peduncles</b> 1–6.1 cm, glabrate to puberulent, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 0.5–1.3 mm; petals white adaxially, upper 2 and lower 3 tinged soft reddish violet abaxially, rarely white on both surfaces, all petals usually with yellow patch basally, lower 3 usually purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5.5–20 mm, spur white, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary or absent. <b>Capsules</b> ovoid to ellipsoid, 2.5–10 mm, sometimes muriculate, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> brown to dark brown or purplish black, 1.5–2.5 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Rhizomes branched
|[[Viola canadensis var. rugulosa|Viola canadensis var. rugulosa]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Rhizomes not branched
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants 11–46 cm; basal leaf blades 2.4–9.2 cm wide.
|[[Viola canadensis var. canadensis|Viola canadensis var. canadensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Plants 3–14(–18) cm; basal leaf blades 0.9–3.8 cm wide.
|[[Viola canadensis var. scopulorum|Viola canadensis var. scopulorum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola canadensis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_206.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola canadensis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Viola]]