View source for Cyperus esculentus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cyperus esculentus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 45. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W2
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W1
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cyperus;Cyperus subg. Cyperus;Cyperus esculentus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cyperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cyperus esculentus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 168
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, stoloniferous; stolons soft, spongy, flexible when dried, 2–8(–15) cm, bearing tubers (3–)6–11 mm diam. <b>Culms</b> trigonous, 15–60 (–100) cm × 0.6–3.4 mm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> 3–7, flat to V-shaped or flanged V-shaped, (6–)20–40(–80) cm × 2–4 (–6.5) mm. <b>Inflorescences</b>: spikes broadly ellipsoid to ovoid or hemispheric, (12–)18–30 × (12–)18–35 mm; rachis 4–17 mm; rays 4–10, (0.3–)2–12 cm; bracts (3–)4–5(–7), ± horizontal to ascending at 45(–75)°, V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, (1.5–)5–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.3–0.5 mm wide. <b>Spikelets</b> (3–)10–20(–28), divaricate or ascending, yellowish brown to dark brown, linear to linear-lanceoloid, compressed-quadrangular, (5–)10–20(–55) × (1.2–)1.4–2(–3) mm; floral scales persistent, 6–34, spreading or appressed, ovate-lanceolate, laterally 7–9-ribbed, laterally yellowish brown to dark brown medially brownish, reddish, or greenish, ovate, or ovate-deltate, medially 3-ribbed, 1.8–2.7(–3.4) × (1–)1.5–1.8(–2.4) mm, apex acute or subacute. <b>Flowers</b>: anthers (1–)1.2–1.5(–2.1) mm; styles (0.7–)1–1.2(–2.2) mm; stigmas (1.2–)1.8–2.3(–4) mm. <b>Achenes</b> (seldom maturing) brown, sessile, ellipsoid, (1.1–)1.3–1.5(–1.6) × 0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;nearly worldwide.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 4 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Cyperus esculentus</i> is a widespread and polymorphic species. Although seven varieties have been recognized (G. Kükenthal (1935–1936), recent studies based primarily on spikelet features provided support for four varieties (P. Schippers et al. 1995). <i>Cyperus esculentus</i> var. esculentus is restricted to the Old World.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=schippers1995a
|text=Schippers, P., S. J. TerBorg, and J. J. Bos. 1995. A revision of the infraspecific taxonomy of Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) with an experimentally evaluated character set. Syst. Bot. 20: 461–481.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets ascending-erect; floral scales deltate-ovate, widest ca. 1/4–1/3 of length.
|[[Cyperus esculentus var. heermannii|Cyperus esculentus var. heermannii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Spikelets divaricate; floral scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate, widest at midlength.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets (1.2–)1.5–2 mm wide; floral scales 1.8–2.7 mm; anthers (1–)1.3(–1.6) mm; styles (0.7–)1–1.2 mm; stigmas (1.2–)1.8(–2.5) mm.
|[[Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus|Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spikelets 2.4–3 mm wide; floral scales (2.7–) 2.9–3.4(–3.6)mm; anthers (1.2–)1.3–2(–2.1) mm; styles (0.9–)1.3–2(–2.2) mm; stigmas (2–) 2.3–2.8(–4) mm.
|[[Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus|Cyperus esculentus var. macrostachyus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cyperus esculentus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;D.C.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Mass.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Va.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wash.;Wis.;nearly worldwide.
|reference=schippers1995a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=W2;W1;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_273.xml
|genus=Cyperus
|subgenus=Cyperus subg. Cyperus
|species=Cyperus esculentus
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]
[[Category:Revision Pending]]