View source for Arceuthobium pusillum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Arceuthobium pusillum
|accepted_authority=Peck
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Trans. Albany Inst.
|place=7: 191. 1872
|year=1872
}}
|common_names=Eastern dwarf mistletoe
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Viscaceae;Arceuthobium;Arceuthobium pusillum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Viscaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arceuthobium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Arceuthobium pusillum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 425
|treatment_page=page 426
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>forming systemic witches' brooms. <b>Stems</b> green, orange, red, maroon, or brown; secondary branching (rarely seen) fanlike, branches 1(–3) cm, third internode 1–1.9 × 0.5–1.5 mm; dominant shoot 1 mm diam. at base; pistillate stems usually longer than staminate. <b>Staminate</b> pedicels absent. <b>Staminate</b> flowers radially symmetric, 1 terminating stem or 3 in dichasium, terminal subglobose in bud, lateral lenticular in bud, 1.7–2.2 mm diam.; petals (2–)3(–4), red to maroon. <b>Berries</b> proximally green, distally yellowish to reddish brown, 3 × 1.3–1.8 mm. <b>Seeds</b> pyriform to elliptic, 1.4–1.8 × 1–1.4 mm, endosperm bright green. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May(–Jun); fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Spruce forests within 500 m of coast and inland bogs, often within 2 km of lakes and rivers.
|elevation=0–800 m.
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>Staminate meiosis occurs in September, pistillate meiosis in May, with fruits maturing five months after pollination; seeds germinate in May to June.</p><!--
--><p>In 1858, Thoreau wrote about the witches’ brooms of Eastern dwarf mistletoe, over a decade before the species was actually described. Lucy B. Millington of Warrensburg, New York, recognized the mistletoe in 1871 and related her discovery via correspondence with C. H. Peck, who named the species in the following year (B. S. Smith 1992). The species was later found to be widespread in spruce forests throughout the Great Lakes states.</p><!--
--><p><i>Arceuthobium</i> minutum Engelmann, which pertains here, was published in 1871 but without a description, hence it is invalid.</p><!--
--><p><i>Arceuthobium pusillum</i> forms massive systemic witches’ brooms that severely affect the vigor of its principal host, <i>Picea mariana</i> (black spruce). White spruce (<i>P. glauca</i>) and red spruce (<i>P. rubens</i>) are less commonly infected. Occasional to rare hosts include <i>Abies balsamea</i>, <i>Larix laricina</i>, <i>Pinus banksiana</i>, <i>P. resinosa</i>, and <i>P. strobus</i>. Molecular phylogenetic work revealed that <i>Arceuthobium pusillum</i> is most closely related to A. bicarinatum Urban of Hispaniola (D. L. Nickrent et al. 2004). Given that these two species differ greatly in size, this result demonstrates the dramatic morphologic changes that ancestors of <i>A. pusillum</i> underwent, possibly as adaptations to cold climates.</p>
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|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Arceuthobium pusillum
|author=
|authority=Peck
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Viscaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May(–Jun); fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Spruce forests within 500 m of coast and inland bogs, often within 2 km of lakes and rivers.
|elevation=0–800 m.
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Vt.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Trans. Albany Inst.
|publication year=1872
|special status=Selected by author to be illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_906.xml
|genus=Arceuthobium
|species=Arceuthobium pusillum
}}<!--

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