View source for Euthamia caroliniana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euthamia caroliniana
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Greene ex Porter & Britton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=5: 321. 1894
|year=1894
}}
|common_names=Coastal plain goldentop
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Erigeron carolinianus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 863. 1753 (as carolinianum)
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia galetorum
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia media
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia microcephala
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia microphylla
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia remota
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euthamia tenuifolia
|authority=(Pursh) Nuttall
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Solidago lanceolata var. minor
|authority=Michaux
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Solidago moseleyi
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Solidago tenuifolia
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Solidago tenuifolia var. pycnocephala
|authority=Fernald
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Astereae;Euthamia;Euthamia caroliniana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Astereae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euthamia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euthamia caroliniana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 20
|mention_page=page 99
|treatment_page=page 98
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 25–100 cm. <b>Stems</b> (branched distal to midstems) glabrous or glabrate, not glaucous. <b>Leaves</b> deflexed to erect; blades 1–5-nerved, linear, 24–70 × 1–3 mm (to 6 mm wide in some Maine and Nova Scotia populations), lengths 7.7–42.2 times widths, abruptly reduced distally, lax- to firm-herbaceous, apices obtuse to long-acuminate, faces abundantly and prominently gland-dotted (34–86 dots per mm2), glabrous, glabrate, or scabro-hirtellous on midnerves. <b>Heads</b> pedunculate or glomerulate, usually in flat-topped or rounded arrays 10–40% of plant heights (often with multiple layers, proximal branches 0.5–1 times array heights). <b>Involucres</b> campanulate to turbinate, 3–4.7(–5.3) mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually green-tipped, outer ovate, inner oblong-linear, apices obtuse to acute. <b>Ray</b> florets 7–17(–25). <b>Disc</b> florets 3–22; corollas 3.3–4.8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Dec.
|habitat=Open, moist to wet, sandy soils, lake shores and dunes
|elevation=0–100 m
|distribution=N.S.;Ala.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p>J. L. Reveal (1991c) determined that the types of <i>Erigeron</i> carolinianus and <i>Solidago</i> tenuifolia are conspecific.</p><!--
--><p>Southern forms of <i>Euthamia caroliniana</i> tend to have fewer florets per head and narrower, more widely spreading (or even reflexed) leaves. E. L. Greene (1902) named these geographic variants (e.g., E. microcephala, <i>E. microphylla</i>). Overlap occurs in all characters; taxa cannot be confidently separated.</p><!--
--><p><i>Euthamia</i> galetorum has been considered an endemic restricted to lake shores in Nova Scotia (H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991; D. J. Sieren 1981). It has been collected from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and southwestern Maine. Intermediates with <i>E. caroliniana</i> occur, and E. galetorum plants represent the endpoint of a morphologic cline. Most characters used to distinguish the two taxa are environmentally plastic and may not be genetically distinctive.</p><!--
--><p>D. J. Sieren (1981) considered <i>Euthamia caroliniana</i> to be restricted to the Atlantic coastal plain. It occurs disjunctly in the southern Great Lakes region. Sieren considered the disjunct populations conspecific with <i>E. gymnospermoides</i>. H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) called them E. remota Greene, related to <i>E. gymnospermoides</i>. The short disc corollas and involucres, narrow leaves, and production of axillary fascicles in some populations show clear relationship to <i>E. caroliniana</i>, from which disjunct plants cannot be reliably separated.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euthamia caroliniana
|authority=(Linnaeus) Greene ex Porter & Britton
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Euthamia galetorum;Euthamia media;Euthamia microcephala;Euthamia microphylla;Euthamia remota;Euthamia tenuifolia;Solidago lanceolata var. minor;Solidago moseleyi;Solidago tenuifolia;Solidago tenuifolia var. pycnocephala
|basionyms=Erigeron carolinianus
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Dec.
|habitat=Open, moist to wet, sandy soils, lake shores and dunes
|elevation=0–100 m
|distribution=N.S.;Ala.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Mem. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1894
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V20_191.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Astereae
|genus=Euthamia
|species=Euthamia caroliniana
}}<!--

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