View source for Persicaria bicornis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Persicaria bicornis
|accepted_authority=(Rafinesque) Nieuwland
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Amer. Midl. Naturalist
|place=3: 201. 1914
|year=1914
}}
|common_names=Pink smartweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Polygonum bicorne
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Ludov.,
|publication_place=29. 1817
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Persicaria longistyla
|authority=(Small) Small
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum longistylum
|authority=Small
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Persicaria;Persicaria sect. Persicaria;Persicaria bicornis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Persicaria bicornis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 582, 583
|treatment_page=page 589
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, 2–18 dm; roots also rarely arising from basal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. <b>Stems</b> ascending to erect, rarely decumbent, branched, ribbed, glabrous or appressed-pubescent to spreading-pubescent distally, stipitate-glandular or, rarely, without stipitate-glands. <b>Leaves</b>: ocrea brownish, cylindric, 6–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1 mm, surface glabrous or scabrous proximally, eglandular; petiole 0.1–1.5(–2.3) cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent; blade sometimes with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.3–13(–18) × (0.4–)1–2.3 cm, base tapered to cuneate, margins antrorsely scabrous, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or appressed-pubescent along midveins, glandular-punctate abaxially. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 8–60 × 10–18 mm; peduncle 8–60(–70) mm, glabrous or pubescent, usually stipitate-glandular; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.8 mm. <b>Pedicels</b> ascending, 1.5–5 mm. <b>Flowers</b> 2–11 per ocreate fascicle, heterostylous; perianth pink, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/4–1/3 their length, obovate to elliptic, 3–4.6 mm, veins prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included or exserted; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 2(–3), included or exserted, connate at bases. <b>Achenes</b> included or apex exserted, brownish black to black, discoid or, rarely, 3-gonous, 1 side usually slightly concave and other with central hump, (2–)2.2–2.9 × 2–2.8(–3) mm, shiny, smooth.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Oct.
|habitat=Moist, disturbed places, permanent and ephemeral wetlands, ditches, cultivated fields, shorelines of ponds and reservoirs
|elevation=50-1600 m
|distribution=Ark.;Colo.;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;La.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p><i>Persicaria bicornis</i> is a characteristic smartweed of permanent and ephemeral wetlands and moist, disturbed sites in the Great Plains. It often has been included in <i>P. pensylvanica</i> but can be distinguished readily by its heterostylous flowers. The achenes, which usually bear an obscure or prominent hump in the center of one face, also are diagnostic. This hump often ruptures the side of the perianth on fruiting herbarium specimens. <i>Persicaria bicornis</i> also has leaf blades that are on average narrower than are those of <i>P. pensylvanica</i>, and populations exhibit less variation in perianth color. As in <i>P. pensylvanica</i>, flowers with three styles and trigonous achenes are produced very rarely.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Persicaria bicornis
|authority=(Rafinesque) Nieuwland
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Persicaria longistyla;Polygonum longistylum
|basionyms=Polygonum bicorne
|family=Polygonaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Oct.
|habitat=Moist, disturbed places, permanent and ephemeral wetlands, ditches, cultivated fields, shorelines of ponds and reservoirs
|elevation=50-1600 m
|distribution=Ark.;Colo.;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;La.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Amer. Midl. Naturalist
|publication year=1914
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1201.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Persicaria
|section=Persicaria sect. Persicaria
|species=Persicaria bicornis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]