View source for Viola adunca

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola adunca
|accepted_authority=Smith
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. Rees, Cycl.
|place=37: Viola no. 63
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lophion aduncum
|authority=(Smith) Nieuwland & Lunell
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. canina var. adunca
|authority=(Smith) A. Gray
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola adunca
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola adunca]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 112, 116, 117, 120, 131, 134, 135
|treatment_page=page 119
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 1.8–30(–35) cm. <b>Stems</b> 1–5, erect, ascending, or decumbent, sometimes later reclining to nearly prostrate, glabrous or puberulent, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; basal: 1–4; stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or laciniate with gland-tipped projections, apex acute to acuminate; petiole 0.5–13.5 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade usually ovate or ovate-deltate to ovate-orbiculate, sometimes ± reniform or oblong, 0.5–6.9 × 0.4–5 cm, base cordate, subcordate, truncate, or attenuate, usually decurrent on petiole, margins crenate to crenulate or entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent; cauline similar to basal except: stipule margins lacerate to laciniate; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm; blade 0.6–5.5 × 0.4–4.7 cm. <b>Peduncles</b> 1.7–13.8 cm, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles not enlarged in fruit, 0.5–2 mm; petals light- to deep- to lavender-violet on both surfaces, rarely white, lower 3 usually white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 (and sometimes upper 2) bearded, lowest 7–17(–23) mm, spur purple to violet or white, elongated, 5–7 mm, tip straight or pointed, curved up or lateral; style head sparsely to densely bearded, sometimes beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. <b>Capsules</b> short-ovoid, 6–11 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to olive-black, 1.5–2 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola adunca</i> is polymorphic with over 50 named taxa. G. D. McPherson and J. G. Packer (1974) reported that diploid, triploid, and tetraploid races of <i>V. adunca</i> occur in Canada and northwestern United States. They found that diploid and tetraploid chromosome races can be distinguished morphologically based on style beards and on the size of guard cells and pollen grains and recommended taxonomic recognition of both races. In diploid races, the style projections are more or less cylindrical and about one-sixth the width of the style; in tetraploid races they are short-conical or globular, and about one-tenth or less than the width of the style beard.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants (4–)4.5–30(–35) cm; basal blades 1.3–6.9 × 1.2–5 cm; peduncles 3–13.8 cm; 0–3600 m; widespread in North America.
|[[Viola adunca var. adunca|Viola adunca var. adunca]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants 1.8–4.5(–6.5) cm; basal blades 0.5–1.7 × 0.4–1.4 cm; peduncles 1.7–5 cm; 2500–3800 m; restricted to Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, British Columbia).
|[[Viola adunca var. bellidifolia|Viola adunca var. bellidifolia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola adunca
|authority=Smith
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Lophion aduncum;V. canina var. adunca
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.Dak.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;Nebr.;Nev.;Oreg.;S.Dak.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=in A. Rees, Cycl.
|publication year=
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_807.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola adunca
}}<!--

-->

[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Viola]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]