familyFumariaceae
genusCorydalis
Difference between revisions of "Corydalis"
in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. 3, 4: 637. 1805, name conserved.
Etymology: Greek korydallis, crested lark
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, biennial, or perennial, caulescent, from taproots, tubers, or rhizomes. <b>Stems</b> erect to prostrate, simple or branching. <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline, simple or usually compound; blade with 2-6 orders of leaflets and/or lobes. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary or terminal, paniculate or racemose, multifloral, sometimes cleistogamous-flowered (in Corydalis flavula, occasionally C. micrantha). <b>Flowers</b> bilaterally symmetric about 1 plane; sepals caducous or persistent; petals distinct or somewhat coherent basally, not spongy; outer petals dissimilar, each with median adaxial keel or crest, sometimes with distal marginal wing, 1 basally spurred, the other sometimes gibbous but not spurred; inner petals connate apically; stamens with nectariferous spur projecting from near base of median filament in bundle opposite spurred petal and adhering to inner surface of petal spur; ovary broadly ovoid to obovoid; stigma persistent, with or without 2 lobes or apical horns, or 4-8 papillar stigmatic surfaces. <b>Capsules</b> dehiscent, 2-valved. <b>Seeds</b> few-many, reniform to subglobose, elaiosome usually present. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!-- |
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| − | |distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa | + | |distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa. |
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (10 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species ca. 100 (10 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Several native species of Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas of the continent outside their natural ranges. Two Eurasian species that are widely cultivated in the flora area also escape sometimes, but evidently they are not truly naturalized here. Corydalis lutea (Linneaus) de Candolle, reported from New York and Oregon, can be distinguished from the native species that also are rhizomatous perennials by its yellow petals and axillary racemes. Corydalis solida (Linneaus) Swartz (sometimes identified as C. bulbosa Persoon), reported from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and southern Ontario, can be distinguished from the native species that also are tuberous perennials by its lack of sepals, pedicels usually longer than 10 mm, and sometimes yellow petals.</p> | --><p>Several native species of Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas of the continent outside their natural ranges. Two Eurasian species that are widely cultivated in the flora area also escape sometimes, but evidently they are not truly naturalized here. Corydalis lutea (Linneaus) de Candolle, reported from New York and Oregon, can be distinguished from the native species that also are rhizomatous perennials by its yellow petals and axillary racemes. Corydalis solida (Linneaus) Swartz (sometimes identified as C. bulbosa Persoon), reported from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and southern Ontario, can be distinguished from the native species that also are tuberous perennials by its lack of sepals, pedicels usually longer than 10 mm, and sometimes yellow petals.</p> | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Fumariaceae | |family=Fumariaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa | + | |distribution=Temperate North America;Eurasia;and Africa. |
|reference=ownbey1947a;ownbey1951a;ryberg1955a | |reference=ownbey1947a;ownbey1951a;ryberg1955a | ||
|publication title=in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. | |publication title=in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. | ||
|publication year= | |publication year= | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna- | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1081.xml |
|genus=Corydalis | |genus=Corydalis | ||
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Revision as of 14:31, 27 July 2019
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, caulescent, from taproots, tubers, or rhizomes. Stems erect to prostrate, simple or branching. Leaves basal and/or cauline, simple or usually compound; blade with 2-6 orders of leaflets and/or lobes. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate or racemose, multifloral, sometimes cleistogamous-flowered (in Corydalis flavula, occasionally C. micrantha). Flowers bilaterally symmetric about 1 plane; sepals caducous or persistent; petals distinct or somewhat coherent basally, not spongy; outer petals dissimilar, each with median adaxial keel or crest, sometimes with distal marginal wing, 1 basally spurred, the other sometimes gibbous but not spurred; inner petals connate apically; stamens with nectariferous spur projecting from near base of median filament in bundle opposite spurred petal and adhering to inner surface of petal spur; ovary broadly ovoid to obovoid; stigma persistent, with or without 2 lobes or apical horns, or 4-8 papillar stigmatic surfaces. Capsules dehiscent, 2-valved. Seeds few-many, reniform to subglobose, elaiosome usually present. x = 8.
Distribution
Temperate North America, Eurasia, and Africa.
Discussion
Species ca. 100 (10 in the flora).
Several native species of Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas of the continent outside their natural ranges. Two Eurasian species that are widely cultivated in the flora area also escape sometimes, but evidently they are not truly naturalized here. Corydalis lutea (Linneaus) de Candolle, reported from New York and Oregon, can be distinguished from the native species that also are rhizomatous perennials by its yellow petals and axillary racemes. Corydalis solida (Linneaus) Swartz (sometimes identified as C. bulbosa Persoon), reported from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and southern Ontario, can be distinguished from the native species that also are tuberous perennials by its lack of sepals, pedicels usually longer than 10 mm, and sometimes yellow petals.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Plants perennial; petals not yellow; stigma as long as or longer than wide; capsules oblong to obovoid, reflexed. | > 2 |
| 1 | Plants annual or biennial; petals yellow, or pink tipped yellow; stigma wider than long; capsules narrowly to broadly linear, usually not reflexed. | > 5 |
| 2 | Roots small, tuberous, usually forked; petals blue, often purple-tinged; stigma rhomboid, narrower toward base; n British Columbia, w Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Alaska. | Corydalis pauciflora |
| 2 | Rhizome or roots large and fleshy; petals pink or white; stigma rectangular or triangular, not narrower toward base; w United States and s British Columbia. | > 3 |
| 3 | Primary inflorescence axis with ca. 15–35 flowers; inner petals not tipped deep red or purple; stigma ± triangular; capsules obovoid; seeds ca. 3.5 mm diam. | Corydalis scouleri |
| 3 | Primary inflorescence axis typically with 50 or more flowers; inner petals tipped red or purple; stigma roughly rectangular; capsules usually ellipsoid; seeds 2–2.5 mm diam. | > 4 |
| 4 | Blades of proximal cauline leaves with ultimate lobes mostly more than 15 mm; spurred petal with marginal wing conspicuous; petals with crest absent or beaklike. | Corydalis caseana |
| 4 | Blades of proximal cauline leaves with ultimate lobes 5–15 mm; spurred petal with marginal wing inconspicuous or absent; petals with crest present, wrinkled. | Corydalis aqua-gelidae |
| 5 | Petals pink, tipped yellow, crests absent, claws of inner petals distinctly longer than blades; seeds ca. 1 mm diam. | Corydalis sempervirens |
| 5 | Petals pale to bright yellow throughout, crests present, claws of inner petals equal to or shorter than blades; seeds 1.5–2 mm diam. | > 6 |
| 6 | Spurred petal 7–9 mm, spur incurved, ca. 2 mm; capsules pendent, pedicels long. | Corydalis flavula |
| 6 | Spurred petal typically 10–22 mm, spur not appreciably incurved, ca. 4–8 mm; capsules erect (or pendent at maturity in Corydalis aurea), pedicels short. | > 7 |
| 7 | Outer petals with crest conspicuous, marginal wing very broad; capsules usually with basally pustulate whitish hairs. | Corydalis crystallina |
| 7 | Outer petals with crest inconspicuous, marginal wing medium to narrow; capsules essentially glabrous. | > 8 |
| 8 | Plants frequently bearing inconspicuous cleistogamous flowers; seeds ca. 1.5 mm diam. | Corydalis micrantha |
| 8 | Plants rarely bearing cleistogamous flowers; seeds ca. 2 mm diam. | > 9 |
| 9 | Seeds appearing distinctly rough under magnification. | Corydalis curvisiliqua |
| 9 | Seeds appearing essentially smooth under magnification. | Corydalis aurea |