View source for Andropogon

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Andropogon
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Andropogon
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Andropogon]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 649
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. <b>Culms</b> 20-310 cm, erect, much-branched distally. <b>Leaves</b> not aromatic; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliate; blades linear, flat, folded, or convolute. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal and axillary or a false panicle; inflorescence units 1-600+ per culm; peduncles initially concealed by the subtending leaf sheaths, sometimes exserted beyond the sheaths at maturity, with (1)2-5(13) rames; rames not reflexed at maturity, axes slender, terete to flattened, not longitudinally grooved, usually conspicuously pubescent, with spikelets in heterogamous sessile-pedicellate pairs (the terminal spikelets sometimes in triplets of 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets), apices of the internodes neither cupulate nor fimbriate; disarticulation in the rames, below the sessile spikelets. <b>Sessile</b> spikelets bisexual, awned, with short, blunt calluses; lower glumes 2-keeled, flat or concave, usually not veined between the keels, sometimes 2-9-veined; anthers 1, 3(2). <b>Pedicels</b> usually longer than 3 mm, similar to the rame internodes in shape, length, and pubescence color, not fused to the rame axes. <b>Pedicellate</b> spikelets usually vestigial or absent, sometimes well-developed and staminate. <b>x</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Minn.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wis.;Del.;D.C;Man.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ark.;Ariz.;Calif.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Mex.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Virgin Islands;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;Ala.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Maine;Vt.;Colo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;S.Dak.;Iowa;Ohio;Mont.
|discussion=<p><i>Andropogon</i> is a cosmopolitan genus of tropical and temperate zones, comprising approximately 120 species. Thirteen species are native to the Flora region. <i>Andropogon bicornis</i> has been found in the region but is not known to be established. All but <i>A. hallii</i> grow in the southeastern United States.</p><!--
--><p>Several taxa are ecologically important in North America. <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> is one of the most important native grasses in North America, being one of the dominant species in the tall-grass prairies that used to cover the center of the continent. Many varieties of <i>A. glomeratus</i> and <i>A. virginicus</i> aggressively colonize abandoned fields, cutover timberlands, and roadsides. Some species are used in restoration and landscaping.</p><!--
--><p>Species of <i>Andropogon</i> with solitary rames are easily confused with <i>Schizachyrium</i> but, in <i>Andropogon</i>, the lower glumes of the sessile spikelets are flat or concave and the rame internodes are not cupulate, whereas <i>Schizachyrium</i> has convex glumes and rame internodes with strongly cupulate apices. Successful identification of species in <i>Andropogon </i>sect.<i> Leptopogon</i> (numbers 3-14) requires mature, complete specimens and careful field study (Campbell 1983, 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=barnes1986a
|text=Barnes, P.W. 1986. Variation in the big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)-sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii) complex along a local dune/meadow gradient in the Nebraska sandhills. Amer. J. Bot. 73:172-184
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=campbell1983a
|text=Campbell, C.S. 1983. Systematics of the Andropogon virginicus complex (Gramineae). J. Arnold Arbor. 64:171-254
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=campbell1986b
|text=Campbell, C.S. 1986. Phylogenetic reconstructions and two new varieties in the Andropogon virginicus complex (Poaceae: Andropogoneae). Syst. Bot. 11:280-292
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=clayton1964a
|text=Clayton, W.D. 1964. Studies in the Gramineae: V. New species of Andropogon. Kew Bull. 17:465-70.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicellate spikelets usually well-developed, (3.5)6-12 mm long, usually staminate; sessile spikelets 5-12 mm long (sect. Andropogon).
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sessile spikelets with awns 8-25 mm long; ligules 0.4-2.5 mm long; hairs of the rame internodes 2.2-4.2 mm long, sparse to dense; rhizomes sometimes present, the internodes usually less than 2 cm
|[[Andropogon gerardii|Andropogon gerardii]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Sessile spikelets unawned or with awns less than 11 mm long; ligules (0.9)2.5-4.5 mm long; hairs of the rame internodes 3.7-6.6 mm long, usually dense; rhizomes always present, the internodes often more than 2 cm long
|[[Andropogon hallii|Andropogon hallii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Pedicellate spikelets usually vestigial or absent, those of the terminal spikelet units occasionally well-developed and staminate; sessile spikelets 2.6-8.4 mm long (sect. Leptopogon).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Peduncles with solitary rames; plants of southern Florida
|[[Andropogon gracilis|Andropogon gracilis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Peduncles with (1)2-13 rames; plants of varied distribution, including southern Florida.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rames not or scarcely exserted at maturity; peduncles mostly less than 15 mm long at maturity.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Culms 30-140 (usually about 80) cm tall; blades 0.8-5 (usually about 2.5) mm wide; inflorescence units 2-31 per culm
|[[Andropogon gyrans|Andropogon gyrans]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Culms 20-250 (usually more than 90) cm tall; blades 1.7-9.5 (usually more than 3) mm wide; inflorescence units 3-600 per culm.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Blades pubescent, most hairs appressed; callus hairs 1.5-5 mm long
|[[Andropogon longiberbis|Andropogon longiberbis]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Blades glabrous or with spreading (rarely appressed) hairs; callus hairs 1-3 mm long.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Blades 11-52 cm long; sheaths smooth, rarely somewhat scabrous; ligules 0.2-1 mm long; keels of the lower glumes usually smooth below midlength, scabrous distally
|[[Andropogon virginicus|Andropogon virginicus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Blades 13-109 cm long; sheaths usually scabrous; ligules 0.6-2.2 mm long; keels of the lower glumes sometimes scabrous below midlength
|[[Andropogon glomeratus|Andropogon glomeratus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rames sometimes exserted above their subtending sheaths at maturity; 1 or more peduncles more than 15 mm long at maturity.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Anthers 3.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sessile spikelets 4.5-8.4 mm long; pedicellate spikelets 1.5-3.6 mm long, sterile; plants common and widespread in the southeastern United States
|[[Andropogon ternarius|Andropogon ternarius]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Sessile spikelets 3-4 mm long; pedicellate spikelets mostly vestigial or absent, those of the terminal spikelet units well-developed and staminate; in the Flora region, known only from southern Florida
|[[Andropogon bicornis|Andropogon bicornis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Anthers 1 (rarely 3).
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Peduncles with 2-13 rames
|[[Andropogon liebmannii|Andropogon liebmannii]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Peduncles usually with 2 (infrequently up to 4) rames or (in A. gyrans var. gyrans and A. virginicus var. virginicus), 2-5 (infrequently up to 7) rames.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Culms 30-120(140) (usually less than 100) cm tall; blades 0.8-5 (usually less than 3) mm wide; inflorescence units 2-31 per culm.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peduncles with 2-5 rames; anthers 0.6-1.7 mm long; sessile spikelets (3)4.1-4.4(5.7) mm long
|[[Andropogon gyrans|Andropogon gyrans]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Peduncleswith 2 rames; anthers 1.2-2 mm long; sessile spikelets (4)4.8-5(5.5) mm long
|[[Andropogon tracyi|Andropogon tracyi]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Culms (20)90-310 (usually more than 100) cm tall; blades 1.7-9.5 (usually more than 3) mm wide; inflorescence units 5-210 per culm.
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Upper portion of the plants open, the branches conspicuously arching
|[[Andropogon brachystachyus|Andropogon brachystachyus]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Upper portion of the plants dense, the branches usually straight and erect to ascending.
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Rame internodes usually densely and uniformly pubescent over their entire length; anthers 1.3-3.5 mm long; sessile spikelets (3.8)4-6.1 mm long.
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Blades 15-35 cm long, often more or less pubescent; sheaths smooth, very rarely somewhat scabrous; anthers 2-3.5 mm long; inflorescence units 5-45 per culm
|[[Andropogon arctatus|Andropogon arctatus]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Blades 32-61 cm long, usually glabrous; sheaths often scabrous; anthers 1.3-2 mm long; inflorescence units usually at least 50 (9-210) per culm
|[[Andropogon floridanus|Andropogon floridanus]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Rame internodes sparsely pubescent basally, more densely pubescent distally; anthers 0.5-1.5 mm long; sessile spikelets 2.6-4(5).
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Blades 11-52 cm long; sheaths smooth, rarely somewhat scabrous; ligules 0.2-1 mm long; keels of the lower glumes usually smooth below midlength, scabrous distally
|[[Andropogon virginicus|Andropogon virginicus]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Blades 13-109 cm long; sheaths usually scabrous, sometimes smooth; ligules 0.6-2.2 mm long; keels of the lower glumes sometimes scabrous below midlength
|[[Andropogon glomeratus|Andropogon glomeratus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Andropogon
|author=Christopher S. Campbell;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Minn.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wis.;Del.;D.C;Man.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;W.Va.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Ark.;Ariz.;Calif.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.C.;N.Mex.;Nev.;Puerto Rico;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Virgin Islands;Fla.;Wyo.;N.H.;Ala.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;Mass.;Mich.;Mo.;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Utah;Maine;Vt.;Colo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;S.Dak.;Iowa;Ohio;Mont.
|reference=barnes1986a;campbell1983a;campbell1986b;clayton1964a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_1571.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Andropogon
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]