View source for Anoectangium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Anoectangium
|accepted_authority=Schwägrichen
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl.
|place=1(1): 33. 1811,
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Pottiaceae;Pottiaceae subfam. Barbuloideae;Anoectangium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Pottiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Pottiaceae subfam. Barbuloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Anoectangium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek anoiktos, opened, and angos, container, alluding to wide-mouthed capsule
|volume=Volume 27
|mention_page=page 478, 487, 492, 497, 521, 537, 562
|treatment_page=page 520
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>in turf or mats, green to yellow-brown distally, light to dark brown proximally. <b>Stems</b> to 1(–3) cm, branching occasionally; oval to rounded-triangular or pentagonal in transverse section, hyalodermis absent, sclerodermis weak, cells with smaller lumens, but usually thin-walled, central strand present, strong; weakly radiculose or with red-brown tomentum; axillary hairs of 3–10 cells, all hyaline or basal 1–2 brownish. <b>Leaves</b> often distant or crowded, occasionally secund, 1–1.5(–2) mm, appressed-incurved when dry, spreading when moist; ligulate to lanceolate, occasionally triangular or acuminate, adaxial surface strongly keeled, deeply grooved along costa; leaf base scarcely differentiated in shape or ovate, laminal margins plane or weakly recurved in proximal 1/2, entire, occasionally finely crenulate or weakly denticulate; apex broadly obtuse to sharply acute or occasionally acuminate; costa sometimes short-excurrent as a mucro or rarely ending a few cells below apex, adaxial outgrowths absent, adaxial cells elongate, occasionally short-rectangular to quadrate near apex, in 2–3 rows, abaxial cells elongate; transverse section oval to reniform, adaxial epidermis absent to weakly developed, adaxial stereid band absent, guide cells 2–4 in 1 layer, hydroid strand absent, abaxial stereid band strong, semicircular to ovate in section, abaxial epidermis usually distinct; basal cells differentiated in a small group at base of costa, short-rectangular, little wider than distal cells, 2–4:1, usually thick-walled; distal medial cells subquadrate, occasionally elongate transversely or longitudinally, (5–)7–9(–15) µm wide, 1(–2):1(–2), papillae either massive, multifurcating and centered over lumens or simple to 2-fid, cell walls thin to greatly thickened, superficially flat to bulging. <b>Specialized</b> asexual reproduction rare, by gemmae in axils of leaves. <b>Sexual</b> condition dioicous; perigonia and perichaetia terminal on short lateral branches, interior perichaetial leaves convolute-sheathing, ovate-acuminate, 1–1.5 mm, laminal cells shortly rhomboidal to near apex. <b>Seta</b> yellow-brown, 0.3–0.8 cm, twisted clockwise proximally, occasionally counterclockwise distally. <b>Capsule</b> yellow-brown to brown, ovoid to elliptic, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, exothecial cells rectangular, walls thin, annulus of two rows of weakly vesiculose cells; operculum long-rostrate, 0.4–0.6(–1.8) mm, cells in straight rows; peristome teeth absent. <b>Calyptra</b> cucullate, 1.2–1.5(–2) mm, smooth. <b>Spores</b> 9–12(–19) µm, weakly to strongly papillose, light brown. KOH laminal color reaction yellow to yellow-orange.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica;especially tropical;arctic and montane regions.
|discussion=<p>Species 47 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Anoectangium</i> is distinguishable from <i>Molendoa</i>, a morphologically similar genus also having very short perichaetia-bearing branches arranged laterally on the axis, by its often triangular stem section, constant lack of a ventral costal stereid band, the leaves keeled by a deep adaxial groove along the costa, and the nonglaucous color in nature. <i>Hymenostylium</i> has similarly though not as deeply keeled leaves with elongate cells on the adaxial surface, but has terminal perichaetia, lacks a stem central strand, and medial laminal cells are commonly longitudinally elongated. <i>Amphidium</i> species are similar in appearance but the sexual condition is autoicous (<i>A. lapponicum</i>) or papillae are simple and elliptical (<i>A. mougeotii</i>). Species of <i>Zygodon</i> may be distinguished by the simple, isolated papillae, not obscuring the lumens. Although the lack of an adaxial stereid band helps separate <i>Anoectangium</i> from robust specimens of <i>Gymnostomum</i> and <i>Molendoa</i>, variation in expression of this trait requires other traits for distinguishing small forms.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Gemmae abundant in leaf axils; leaves ligulate to short-elliptic or ovate, very short, 0.4- 0.5(-0.6) mm
|[[Anoectangium handelii|Anoectangium handelii]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Gemmae absent; leaves lanceolate to linear or nearly ligulate, longer, usually 1-2 mm
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves distant on the stem, exposing it, short-lanceolate to nearly ligulate, not wasp-waisted; leaf apex narrowly to broadly acute, apiculus short-triangular; costa percurrent in distal leaves into a clear, sharp cell
|[[Anoectangium aestivum|Anoectangium aestivum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves dense and hiding the stem, long-lanceolate to linear-elliptic, constricted above the leaf base; leaf apex narrowly acute to acuminate, apiculus narrowly triangular; costa regularly excurrent into a short or long, stout mucro of several cells.
|[[Anoectangium stracheyanum|Anoectangium stracheyanum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Anoectangium
|author=Richard H. Zander;Patricia M. Eckel
|authority=Schwägrichen
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Pottiaceae
|distribution=Worldwide except Antarctica;especially tropical;arctic and montane regions.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl.
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V27/V27_748.xml
|subfamily=Pottiaceae subfam. Barbuloideae
|genus=Anoectangium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Pottiaceae subfam. Barbuloideae]]