View source for Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|accepted_authority=Lamarck & de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall.,
|place=255. 1806
|year=1806
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Undefined tribe Lactuceae
|authority=Cassini
|rank=tribe
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 195, 200, 257, 362
|treatment_page=page 214
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs [trees, vines] (sap usually milky). <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline; alternate (proximal opposite in <i>Shinnersoseris</i>) [opposite]; petiolate or sessile; margins usually dentate or pinnately lobed (then frequently runcinate), sometimes prickly, sometimes entire, rarely much divided (bases often clasping). <b>Heads</b> homogamous (liguliflorous), usually in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays, sometimes borne singly (on scapiform peduncles), sometimes subsessile in axillary clusters on stems or among leaves of basal rosettes [aggregated in second-order heads]. <b>Calyculi</b> 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets in 1–3+ series. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually persistent, usually in 3–5+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct or connate, and subequal to equal, margins (seldom prickly) and/or apices sometimes notably scarious (phyllaries sometimes enfold and fall with subtended florets or cypselae, e.g., in <i>Rhagadiolus</i>). <b>Receptacles</b> flat to convex, epaleate (sometimes bristly-setose) or paleate (paleae enfold and fall with subtended cypselae in <i>Scolymus</i>). <b>Florets</b> ligulate (bisexual, fertile); corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes cyanic or white (zygomorphic, 5-toothed); anther bases usually tailed, apical appendages ovate to lanceolate or hardly developed (pollen sometimes brightly colored); styles abaxially usually papillate to hirsute (mostly distally), branches filiform to stout, adaxially continuously stigmatic from bases almost to apices, apices rounded to acute, appendages essentially 0. <b>Cypselae</b> usually monomorphic within heads, ± clavate, columnar, ellipsoid, fusiform, or prismatic, often compressed, obcompressed, or flattened, often beaked or apically tapered, bodies smooth, muricate, rugose, or tuberculate, often ribbed, sometimes winged (glabrous or hairy); pappi (rarely 0) persistent or readily falling, usually of fine to coarse, often barbellate, sometimes plumose bristles, sometimes of awns or scales, sometimes combinations of bristles, awns, and/or scales (scales often aristate).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;mostly in Old World;mostly at temperate latitudes;some species widely introduced.
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 100, species ca. 1600 (49 genera, 229 species in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=jansen1991b
|text=Jansen, R. K. et al. 1991b. Systematic implications of chloroplast DNA variation in the subtribe Microseridinae (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1015–1027.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kim1996a
|text=Kim, S. C., D. J. Crawford, and R. K. Jansen. 1996. Phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the subtribe Sonchinae (Asteraceae): Evidence from ITS sequences. Syst. Bot. 21: 417–432.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lee2002a
|text=Lee, J., B. G. Baldwin, and L. D. Gottlieb. 2002. Phylogeny of Stephanomeria and related genera (Compositae–Lactuceae) based on 18S-26S nuclear rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 160–168.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lee2003a
|text=Lee, J., B. G. Baldwin, and L. D. Gottlieb. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among the primarily North American genera of Cichorieae (Compositae) based on analysis of 18S–26S rDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Syst. Bot. 28: 616–626.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lee2004a
|text=Lee, J. and B. G. Baldwin. 2004. Subtribes of principally North American genera of Cichorieae (Compositae). Novon 14: 309–313.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=price1975a
|text=Price, H. J. and K. Bachmann. 1975. DNA content and evolution in the Microseridinae. Amer. J. Bot. 62: 262–267.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=stebbins1953a
|text=Stebbins, G. L. 1953. A new classification of the tribe Cichorieae, family Compositae. Madroño 12: 33–64.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tomb1974a
|text=Tomb, A. S. 1974. Chromosome numbers and generic relationships in subtribe Stephanomeriinae (Compositae: Cichorieae). Brittonia 26: 203–216.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=whitton1995a
|text=Whitton, J., R. S. Wallace, and R. K. Jansen. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships and patterns of character change in the tribe Lactuceae (Asteraceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation. Canad. J. Bot. 73: 1058–1073.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypselae beaked (outer sometimes beakless in Hypochaeris)
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cypselae beakless
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems scapiform
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stems leafy
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads usually in spiciform, paniculiform, cymiform, or corymbiform arrays (sometimes borne singly)
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Heads borne singly
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins spiny; calyculi 0; phyllaries in 3–5+ series, unequal; pappi of crisped (frizzy), outer and straight, coarse, inner bristles
|[[Launaea|Launaea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf margins not spiny; calyculi of 5–12 bractlets; phyllaries in 1(–2) series, equal; pappi of uniform bristles
|[[Crepis|Crepis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pappi of outer scales and inner bristles, or of aristate scales
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Pappi of bristles
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Cypsela beaks relatively long or 0; pappi of outer scales and inner, plumose bristles; annuals or perennials; leaves oblanceolate to oblong
|[[Leontodon|Leontodon]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Cypsela beaks relatively short; pappi of lanceolate, apically notched, aristate scales, aristae smooth; annuals; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, grasslike
|[[Uropappus|Uropappus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Receptacles paleate; corollas pink, purple, lavender, or nearly white; perennials
|[[Pinaropappus|Pinaropappus]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Receptacles usually epaleate (if paleate, corollas yellow; some Agoseris); corollas usually yellow to orange, rarely ochroleucous, pink, pinkish, purplish, or white; annuals, biennials, or perennials
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Calyculi of (6–)8–18(–20) bractlets in 1–3 series; phyllaries equal; perennials
|[[Taraxacum|Taraxacum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Calyculi 0; phyllaries equal or unequal; annuals, biennials, or perennials
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaves entire, toothed, or pinnately lobed (not spiny); heads borne singly; corollas yellow, orange, pinkish, purplish, or white; pappi of ± barbellate bristles; annuals or perennials
|[[Agoseris|Agoseris]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaves often pinnately lobed, ultimate margins dentate (spiny); heads borne singly or in spiciform or paniculiform arrays; corollas yellow to ochroleucous; pappi of crisped (frizzy), outer and straight, coarse, inner bristles; annuals or biennials
|[[Launaea|Launaea]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pappi of plumose bristles or subulate scales; annuals or biennials
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Pappi of smooth or barbellate bristles, or of subulate scales or awns, or of aristate scales; annuals, biennials, or perennials
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Corollas white, sometimes abaxially rose- or purple-veined; calyculi of spreading to reflexed, unequal bractlets; annuals
|[[Rafinesquia|Rafinesquia]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Corollas yellow, orange, purple, or pinkish to purplish; calyculi 0; annuals or biennials
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaves linear to lance-linear or lance-attenuate, entire; peduncles inflated distally; involucres campanulate; pappi of subulate scales; biennials (winter annuals); heads borne singly; corollas yellow or purple
|[[Tragopogon|Tragopogon]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Leaves mostly obovate to oblong-obovate, the distal ovate to linear, usually pinnately lobed, sometimes dentate or entire; peduncles little, if at all, inflated distally; involucres urceolate; pappi of bristles; annuals; heads borne singly or in corymbiform arrays; corollas yellow, sometimes abaxially striped with red.
|[[Urospermum|Urospermum]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Perennials
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Annuals or biennials
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Involucres narrowly cylindric, 1–2+ mm diam.; phyllaries (4–)5; florets 5; cypselae obovoid to lanceoloid
|[[Mycelis|Mycelis]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Involucres cylindric to campanulate, 2–5 mm diam.; phyllaries 5–21; florets 6–150+; cypselae cylindric to fusiform or lanceoloid
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Corollas usually bluish; cypselae lanceoloid
|[[Mulgedium|Mulgedium]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Corollas yellow to white; cypselae cylindric to fusiform
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Phyllaries 8–21+; pappi: outer crowns of spreading, white hairs plus 2–3+ inner series of rufous to stramineous bristles
|[[Pyrrhopappus|Pyrrhopappus]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Phyllaries 5–10; pappi of white bristles
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Calyculi of 3–4, minute bractlets; involucres cylindric; cypselae cylindric, 5+-ribbed (without rings of scales); pappi of 40–50+ bristles
|[[Chondrilla|Chondrilla]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Calyculi of 3–10+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets; involucres campanulate to cylindric; cypselae fusiform, 10-ribbed or -winged (with rings of scales at bases of beaks); pappi of 20–30 bristles
|[[Ixeris|Ixeris]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Peduncles inflated distally (fistulose); pappi of aristate scales
|[[Uropappus|Uropappus]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Peduncles not inflated distally; pappi of bristles or subulate scales (not aristate)
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Receptacles paleate; outer cypselae beakless; all or inner pappus bristles plumose.
|[[Hypochaeris|Hypochaeris]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Receptacles epaleate; all cypselae beaked; pappus bristles usually barbellulate or smooth (sometimes plumose in Helminthotheca)
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Calyculi 0; leaves spiny
|[[Launaea|Launaea]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Calyculi of 2–16 bractlets; leaves not spiny
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Cypselae dimorphic, outer gibbous, inner ellipsoid to fusiform, not ribbed (rugulose); pappi of subulate to setiform scales
|[[Helminthotheca|Helminthotheca]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Cypselae monomorphic, ellipsoid, oblong, obovoid, or lanceoloid, or cylindric to fusiform, ribbed; pappi of bristles (sometimes with minute outer crowns as well)
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Cypselae ellipsoid to oblong or obovoid to lanceoloid; pappi of minute outer crowns plus inner bristles (sometimes 2–3+ series of bristles in Lactuca)
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Cypselae fusiform, not or little compressed; pappi of bristles
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Involucres narrowly cylindric, 1–2+ mm diam.; calyculi of 2–4 bractlets in 1 series
|[[Mycelis|Mycelis]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 2–5 mm diam.; calyculi of 3– 10+ bractlets in 2–3 series
|[[Lactuca|Lactuca]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Stems dotted with tack-glands; pappus bristles basally connate (fall- ing in rings), white
|[[Calycoseris|Calycoseris]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Stems eglandular or glandular (without tack-glands); pappus bristles distinct or inner basally connate, white to tawny
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Heads usually in cymiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays, sometimes borne singly; corollas usually yellow or orange, sometimes white, pink, or reddish; cypselae 10–20- ribbed
|[[Crepis|Crepis]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Heads borne singly; corollas white to pale yellow; cypselae 4– 5-angled or -ribbed (angles roughened)
|[[Glyptopleura|Glyptopleura]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Stems scapiform
|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Stems leafy
|[[#key-0-42| > 42]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Pappi 0 or coroniform
|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
|-id=key-0-27
|27
|Pappi of bristles and/or scales, or of aristate scales
|[[#key-0-31| > 31]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Perennials; leaves (± fleshy) linear to oblanceolate, margins entire; calyculi 0.
|[[Phalacroseris|Phalacroseris]]
|-id=key-0-28
|28
|Annuals or biennials; leaves obovate or oblanceolate to spatulate, margins ± dentate or lobed; calyculi of 1–10+ bractlets or 0
|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Leaf margins pinnately lobed; cypselae oblong, 10–13-ribbed
|[[Lapsanastrum|Lapsanastrum]]
|-id=key-0-29
|29
|Leaf margins ± dentate to toothed; cypselae obovoid or subcylindric to weakly clavate, 4–5- or 8–10-ribbed
|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Leaves oblanceolate to spatulate; heads borne singly or 2–3; peduncles naked, inflated distally; involucres broadly campanulate to urceolate; phyllaries basally connate; cypselae obovoid, 8–10-ribbed
|[[Arnoseris|Arnoseris]]
|-id=key-0-30
|30
|Leaves obovate; heads in corymbiform arrays; peduncles sometimes bracteate, not inflated distally; involucres cylindro-campanulate; phyllaries distinct; cypselae subcylindric or weakly clavate, 4–5-ribbed (ribs corky)
|[[Atrichoseris|Atrichoseris]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Heads usually in corymbiform, paniculiform, or cymiform arrays; calyculi of 3–12 bractlets
|[[#key-0-32| > 32]]
|-id=key-0-31
|31
|Heads usually borne singly (sometimes in spiciform or paniculiform arrays in Launaea); calyculi 0
|[[#key-0-33| > 33]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Leaves entire or dentate to pinnatifid (often lyrate or runcinate); cypselae 10– 20-ribbed; pappi of usually distinct, white to tawny bristles
|[[Crepis|Crepis]]
|-id=key-0-32
|32
|Leaves pinnately lobed (lyrate); cypselae 11–13-ribbed (ribs spiculate); pappi of basally connate, white bristles
|[[Youngia|Youngia]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Pappi of subulate or aristate scales
|[[#key-0-34| > 34]]
|-id=key-0-33
|33
|Pappi wholly or partly of bristles (in Leontodon, pappi of outer cypselae of scales, of inner cypselae of bristles; sometimes scales + bristles in Krigia)
|[[#key-0-36| > 36]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Heads erect; cypselae narrowed distally; pappi of lustrous, white subulate or aristate scales (bodies narrowly lanceolate to subulate)
|[[Nothocalaïs|Nothocalaïs]]
|-id=key-0-34
|34
|Heads nodding (at least in bud); cypsela apices truncate; pappus scales silvery to yellowish, brownish, or blackish (rarely white), plumose, barbellate, or barbellulate
|[[#key-0-35| > 35]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Involucres fusiform to ovoid or globose; pappi of deltate, lanceolate, linear, oblong, orbiculate, or ovate aristate scales, aristae plumose, barbellate, or barbellulate
|[[Microseris|Microseris]]
|-id=key-0-35
|35
|Involucres campanulate; pappi of narrowly lanceolate aristate scales, aristae barbellulate
|[[Stebbinsoseris|Stebbinsoseris]]
|-id=key-0-36
|36
|Pappi of outer cypselae of scales, of inner cypselae of plumose bristles
|[[Leontodon|Leontodon]]
|-id=key-0-36
|36
|Pappi of bristles or of outer scales plus inner bristles
|[[#key-0-37| > 37]]
|-id=key-0-37
|37
|Phyllary margins papery (wider than midribs); receptacles paleate; pappus bristles plumose
|[[Anisocoma|Anisocoma]]
|-id=key-0-37
|37
|Phyllary margins not papery; receptacles usually epaleate (sometimes paleate in Agoseris); pappus bristles mostly smooth, barbellulate, or ± barbellate
|[[#key-0-38| > 38]]
|-id=key-0-38
|38
|Leaves spiny; corollas yellow to ochroleucous; pappi of crisped (frizzy), outer and coarse, straight, inner bristles
|[[Launaea|Launaea]]
|-id=key-0-38
|38
|Leaves not spiny; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes pink, purple, or red; pappi of ± barbellate bristles
|[[#key-0-39| > 39]]
|-id=key-0-39
|39
|Phyllaries in 1–2 series; cypselae 10–20-nerved or -ribbed; pappi of 5 outer scales plus 5–45 inner bristles
|[[Krigia|Krigia]]
|-id=key-0-39
|39
|Phyllaries in 2–5(–7) series; cypselae 8–10(–15)-ribbed; pappi of bristles in 1–6 series
|[[#key-0-40| > 40]]
|-id=key-0-40
|40
|Phyllaries hairy or glabrous; cypselae usually beaked (6– 31 mm)
|[[Agoseris|Agoseris]]
|-id=key-0-40
|40
|Phyllaries usually glabrous; cypselae not beaked (5–10 mm)
|[[#key-0-41| > 41]]
|-id=key-0-41
|41
|Plants taprooted; pappi of 30–80, whitish bristles
|[[Nothocalaïs|Nothocalaïs]]
|-id=key-0-41
|41
|Plants rhizomatous (usually in bogs); pappi of 24–48, brownish bristles
|[[Microseris|Microseris]]
|-id=key-0-42
|42
|Pappi 0, or of scales or aristate scales, or of awns plus bristles, or coroniform
|[[#key-0-43| > 43]]
|-id=key-0-42
|42
|Pappi wholly or mostly of bristles (sometimes with minute outer scales)
|[[#key-0-54| > 54]]
|-id=key-0-43
|43
|Pappi 0
|[[#key-0-44| > 44]]
|-id=key-0-43
|43
|Pappi of scales or aristate scales, or of awns or subulate scales plus bristles, or coroniform
|[[#key-0-47| > 47]]
|-id=key-0-44
|44
|Stems winged, wings spiny; receptacles paleate
|[[Scolymus|Scolymus]]
|-id=key-0-44
|44
|Stems not winged; receptacles epaleate
|[[#key-0-45| > 45]]
|-id=key-0-45
|45
|Heads borne singly; florets 5–35; cypselae ± monomorphic (1.3–1.7 mm).
|[[Krigia|Krigia]]
|-id=key-0-45
|45
|Heads in corymbiform or thyrsiform arrays; florets 5–15; cypselae heteromorphic (3–25 mm, outer longer than inner)
|[[#key-0-46| > 46]]
|-id=key-0-46
|46
|Leaves ovate to suborbiculate, coarsely dentate; heads in corymbiform to thyrsiform arrays; cypselae subcylindric (curved), terete to slightly compressed, ± 20-ribbed
|[[Lapsana|Lapsana]]
|-id=key-0-46
|46
|Leaves ovate-lanceolate to linear, entire or dentate to pinnately lobed; heads in ± corymbiform arrays; cypselae ± terete (outer straight or arcuate, inner straight to coiled), not ribbed
|[[Rhagadiolus|Rhagadiolus]]
|-id=key-0-47
|47
|Corollas usually blue, sometimes pink or white; cypselae prismatic, 3–5-angled; pappi coroniform (erose scales)
|[[Cichorium|Cichorium]]
|-id=key-0-47
|47
|Corollas orange or yellow to white or pink to lavender; cypselae columnar or cylindric to fusiform or obconic, 6–15-ribbed; pappi usually of scales (scales sometimes aristate), sometimes of awns or subulate scales plus bristles, or coroniform (Krigia wrightii, annuals, cypselae 1.3–1.6 mm)
|[[#key-0-48| > 48]]
|-id=key-0-48
|48
|Phyllaries enfolding outer cypselae
|[[#key-0-49| > 49]]
|-id=key-0-48
|48
|Phyllaries not enfolding outer cypselae
|[[#key-0-50| > 50]]
|-id=key-0-49
|49
|Peduncles inflated distally; calyculi of 3–10+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets; phyllaries 5–13+ in 1 series; florets 8–30+; cypselae cylindric to fusiform, 12–15-ribbed; pappi of outer cypselae coroniform (short scales), of inner cypselae of lance-aristate to subulate-aristate scales (0–5+ outer and 5+ inner)
|[[Hedypnois|Hedypnois]]
|-id=key-0-49
|49
|Peduncles not inflated distally; calyculi of 8–13, linear to filiform bractlets; phyllaries 20–25+ in 2+ series; florets 30–100+; cypselae columnar, 6–8(–10)-ribbed; pappi of setiform scales plus smooth or barbellate bristles
|[[Tolpis|Tolpis]]
|-id=key-0-50
|50
|Heads ± nodding (at least in bud); pappi of aristate scales
|[[#key-0-51| > 51]]
|-id=key-0-50
|50
|Heads erect; pappi of setiform, subulate, or aristate scales or of awns or subulate scales plus bristles
|[[#key-0-52| > 52]]
|-id=key-0-51
|51
|Perennials; involucres campanulate, fusiform, ovoid, or globose; pappus scales deltate, lanceolate, linear, oblong, orbiculate, or ovate, aristae plumose, barbellate, or barbellulate
|[[Microseris|Microseris]]
|-id=key-0-51
|51
|Annuals; involucres campanulate; pappus scales narrowly lanceolate, aristae barbellulate
|[[Stebbinsoseris|Stebbinsoseris]]
|-id=key-0-52
|52
|Perennials; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, entire; corollas pale lavender to white; cypselae 5-angled or -ridged; pappi of awns or subulate scales plus bristles
|[[Chaetadelpha|Chaetadelpha]]
|-id=key-0-52
|52
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong to lanceolate or linear, entire or pinnately lobed; corollas white, yellow, or purplish; cypselae sometimes 10-nerved; pappi of setiform, subulate, or aristate scales
|[[#key-0-53| > 53]]
|-id=key-0-53
|53
|Leaves oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate or linear, spiny; involucres campanulate to urceolate; receptacles paleate; corollas yellow; cypselae obovoid, ribs 0; pappi (0 or) of 2–4 setiform to aristate scales plus 0–4 muticous to lanceolate scales.
|[[Scolymus|Scolymus]]
|-id=key-0-53
|53
|Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear, not spiny; involucres ovoid to cylindric; receptacles epaleate; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish; cypselae columnar to obclavate or fusiform, not compressed, usually 10-nerved; pappi of 28–50+ plumose to barbellate, subulate to setiform scales
|[[Scorzonera|Scorzonera]]
|-id=key-0-54
|54
|Shrubs; California
|[[Munzothamnus|Munzothamnus]]
|-id=key-0-54
|54
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials
|[[#key-0-55| > 55]]
|-id=key-0-55
|55
|Corollas yellow, orange, ochroleucous, pinkish to reddish, or white (sometimes abaxially pinkish, reddish, or purplish)
|[[#key-0-56| > 56]]
|-id=key-0-55
|55
|Corollas usually purple, lavender, pink, or blue, sometimes white, rarely yellow
|[[#key-0-62| > 62]]
|-id=key-0-56
|56
|Leaves spiny (on margins, bases often auriculate); phyllaries in 3–5+ series
|[[#key-0-57| > 57]]
|-id=key-0-56
|56
|Leaves not spiny (bases not auriculate); phyllaries in 1–2+, or 2–3, or 4–6 series
|[[#key-0-58| > 58]]
|-id=key-0-57
|57
|Involucres 3–5 mm diam.; phyllaries 18–25; cypselae weakly compressed, cylindric to prismatic or fusiform, 4–5-ribbed (or grooved), ribs muricate; pappi of crisped (frizzy, often basally coherent or connate), outer plus straight, coarse, inner bristles
|[[Launaea|Launaea]]
|-id=key-0-57
|57
|Involucres 5–15+ mm diam.; phyllaries 27–50; cypselae compressed, oblong or oblanceoloid to elliptic, 2–4(–5)-ribbed, smooth, rugose, or tuberculate; pappi of distinct outer bristles plus basally coherent or connate inner bristles
|[[Sonchus|Sonchus]]
|-id=key-0-58
|58
|Calyculi 0
|[[#key-0-59| > 59]]
|-id=key-0-58
|58
|Calyculi usually of 3–16+ bractlets (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries)
|[[#key-0-60| > 60]]
|-id=key-0-59
|59
|Heads borne singly; corollas yellow to orange; pappi (usually 2-seriate): outer of 5+ scales, inner of 5–45 bristles
|[[Krigia|Krigia]]
|-id=key-0-59
|59
|Heads in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; corollas yellow to white; pappi (1 or 2-seriate): outer pappi 0, or of minute teeth plus 0–6 bristles, inner (or only) pappi of 15–35, basally coherent bristles
|[[Malacothrix|Malacothrix]]
|-id=key-0-60
|60
|Perennials; phyllaries in 2+ series; cypselae columnar or prismatic to ± urceolate
|[[Hieracium|Hieracium]]
|-id=key-0-60
|60
|Annuals, biennials, or perennials; phyllaries in 1–2 series; cypselae subcylindric to fusiform
|[[#key-0-61| > 61]]
|-id=key-0-61
|61
|Corollas yellow or orange (white, pink, reddish), not abaxially reddish; cypselae 10–20-ribbed, sometimes spiculate; pappi persistent, of distinct bristles
|[[Crepis|Crepis]]
|-id=key-0-61
|61
|Corollas yellow, often abaxially reddish; cypselae 5–10-ribbed, transversely rugulose; pappi falling, of basally connate bristles
|[[Picris|Picris]]
|-id=key-0-62
|62
|Annuals
|[[#key-0-63| > 63]]
|-id=key-0-62
|62
|Perennials
|[[#key-0-65| > 65]]
|-id=key-0-63
|63
|Pappus bristles distinct, plumose (at least distally)
|[[Stephanomeria|Stephanomeria]]
|-id=key-0-63
|63
|Pappus bristles basally connate, smooth or barbellulate
|[[#key-0-64| > 64]]
|-id=key-0-64
|64
|Stems glandular-puberulent to glabrescent; leaves basal and cauline, blades spatulate to oblanceolate or minute, margins irregularly dentate to runcinate, often spinulose; peduncles minutely bracteate; cypselae columnar (tapering slightly proximally), 5-ribbed
|[[Prenanthella|Prenanthella]]
|-id=key-0-64
|64
|Stems glabrous; leaves cauline (opposite proximally), blades linear, margins entire; peduncles ebracteate; cypselae subcylindric (apices abruptly constricted), 10-ribbed
|[[Shinnersoseris|Shinnersoseris]]
|-id=key-0-65
|65
|Heads (usually nodding) in racemiform, thyrsiform, corymbiform, or paniculiform arrays; corollas usually white to pink or lavender, rarely yellow
|[[Prenanthes|Prenanthes]]
|-id=key-0-65
|65
|Heads (erect) usually borne singly (sometimes in ± corymbiform to paniculiform arrays); corollas usually bluish, pink to lavender, or rose, rarely white
|[[#key-0-66| > 66]]
|-id=key-0-66
|66
|Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate to lanceolate or linear; phyllaries 8–13+ in 1–2 series; florets (1–)15–50+; cypselae compressed, lanceoloid
|[[Mulgedium|Mulgedium]]
|-id=key-0-66
|66
|Leaves linear to oblong (distal sometimes bractlike or subulate distally); phyllaries 3–10 in ± 1 series; florets 3–16; cypselae not compressed, columnar
|[[#key-0-67| > 67]]
|-id=key-0-67
|67
|Stems rigid, spine-tipped (thorny); leaves cauline, entire; phyllaries 3–5; florets 3–5
|[[Pleiacanthus|Pleiacanthus]]
|-id=key-0-67
|67
|Stems not spine-tipped; leaves basal and cauline, entire, dentate, or pinnately lobed; phyllaries 4–10; florets (4–)5–16
|[[#key-0-68| > 68]]
|-id=key-0-68
|68
|Cypselae subcylindric, subterete, angled, or sulcate; pappus bristles barbellate
|[[Lygodesmia|Lygodesmia]]
|-id=key-0-68
|68
|Cypselae columnar, 5-angled; pappus bristles (wholly or partly) plumose
|[[Stephanomeria|Stephanomeria]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|authority=Lamarck & de Candolle
|rank=tribe
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Undefined tribe Lactuceae
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Nearly worldwide;mostly in Old World;mostly at temperate latitudes;some species widely introduced.
|reference=jansen1991b;kim1996a;lee2002a;lee2003a;lee2004a;price1975a;stebbins1953a;tomb1974a;whitton1995a
|publication title=Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall.,
|publication year=1806
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_268.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae]]