View source for Berlandiera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Berlandiera
|accepted_authority=de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|place=5: 517. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae;Berlandiera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Berlandiera]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Jean Louis Berlandier, 1805–1851, Belgian explorer in North America
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 65, 84
|treatment_page=page 83
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials </b>or subshrubs, 8–120 cm (stems often arising annually from taproots or woody caudices; herbage usually hirsute, hispid, scabrous, or velvety). <b>Stems</b> decumbent to erect, usually branched (scapiform or ± leafy throughout). <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades (± pinnately nerved) elongate-deltate, lanceolate, lyrate, oblanceolate, oblong, obovate, ovate, or spatulate, sometimes pinnately lobed to pinnatifid (usually each with deeper sinuses proximal), bases cordate or truncate to cuneate, ultimate margins usually crenate, dentate, or sinuate, faces hirsute, hispid, scabrous, or velvety. <b>Heads</b> radiate, borne singly or in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> ± campanulate to ± hemispheric or broader, 12–30 mm diam. (broader in age). <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent (outer) or falling, usually 14–22 in 2–3+ series (inner broadly obovate to orbiculate, hairy, shed with cypselae). <b>Receptacles</b> ± turbinate (distally dilated, apices flattened to slightly depressed), paleate (paleae ± linear-conduplicate, each wrapped round a disc floret, distally dilated, hirtellous). <b>Ray</b> florets (2–)8(–13), pistillate, fertile; corollas pale yellow to orange-yellow (abaxially green or red to maroon or with 9–12, green or red to maroon, anastomosing, veins). <b>Disc</b> florets 80–200+, functionally staminate; corollas yellow or red to maroon, tubes shorter than throats, lobes 5, ± deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> (black) obcompressed or obflattened, mostly obovate (thin edged, not truly winged, hairy, at least adaxially; each adhering to and shed with 2 adjacent paleae, 2 disc florets, and a subtending phyllary); pappi 0, or persistent, ± coroniform (inconspicuous ridges or minute crowns of aristate teeth). <b>x</b> = 15.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=United States;Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 8 (8, including 3 hybrids, in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>All <i>Berlandiera</i> species have 2n = 30 and all but perhaps <i>B. monocephala</i> (which was unavailable for study) are intercrossable, resulting in all possible artificial interspecific hybrid combinations. Some combinations are not found in nature, e.g., <i>B. lyrata</i> × <i>B. subacaulis</i>, because distributions of potential parentals do not overlap (D. J. Pinkava 1964, 1967).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom1998a
|text=Nesom, G. L. and B. L. Turner. 1998. Variation in the Berlandiera pumila (Asteraceae) complex. Sida 18: 493–502.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pinkava1964a
|text=Pinkava, D. J. 1964. Biosystematic Study of Genus Berlandiera DC. (Compositae). Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=pinkava1967a
|text=Pinkava, D. J. 1967. Biosystematic study of Berlandiera (Compositae). Brittonia 19: 285–298.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades lyrate (pinnate to pinnatifid) or oblanceolate (seldom pinnate, ultimate margins mostly crenate), faces velvety; peduncles hairy (some hairs reddish, bulbous-based, wartlike); ray corollas: abaxial veins red to maroon; disc corollas usually red to maroon, rarely yellow
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades deltate, lanceolate, lyrate, oblong, oval, or ovate, sometimes pinnately lobed to pinnatifid, faces hirsute, hispid, ± scabrous, or velvety (leaves not both oblanceolate or lyrate-pinnatifid and velvety); peduncles hairy (velvety to scabrous, and with wartlike hairs in B. subacaulis); ray corollas: abaxial veins green; disc corollas yellow or red to maroon
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid, rarely not lobed; peduncles hairy (relatively many red- dish wartlike hairs surpassing appressed, white hairs)
|[[Berlandiera lyrata|Berlandiera lyrata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaves mostly oblanceolate, usually some pinnatifid near bases; peduncles hairy (relatively few reddish wartlike hairs enmeshed in matted whitish hairs; plants intergradesbetween B. lyrata and B. monocephala)
|[[Berlandiera ×macrophylla|Berlandiera ×macrophylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves crowded near bases of stems; heads borne singly or 2–3 together; disc corollas yellow
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves crowded near bases of stems or ± evenly distributed on stems; heads borne singly or 2–20 in paniculiform to corymbiform arrays; disc corollas red to maroon
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades oblanceolate (usually not lobed, sometimes lobed at bases, ultimate margins crenate to remotely dentate), faces velvety; peduncles hairy (hairs whitish,matted, none wartlike); Arizona (Sonora)
|[[Berlandiera monocephala|Berlandiera monocephala]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaf blades mostly oblong (usually sinuate-pinnatifid), faces ± scabrous; peduncles hairy (hispid and with wartlike hairs); Florida
|[[Berlandiera subacaulis|Berlandiera subacaulis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves crowded near bases of stems (usually some leaves lobed basally, faces finely hirsute); peduncles hairy (hairs relatively long and fine mixed with shorter, stouter hairs; plants intergrade between B. pumila and B. subacaulis)
|[[Berlandiera ×humilis|Berlandiera ×humilis]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Leaves evenly distributed along stems (not lobed, faces sometimes finely hirsute); peduncles hairy (hairs not mixed long and short)
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades usually ovate, faces velvety; peduncles hairy (hairs whitish, rela-tively long and fine, matted); South Carolina to Mississippi, e Texas
|[[Berlandiera pumila|Berlandiera pumila]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades elongate-deltate, lanceolate, or ovate, faces finely ± hirsute to ± scabrous; peduncles hairy (hirsute or hairs grayish to reddish, erect or spreading, sometimes curling)
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems lax (sometimes suffrutescent); leaf blades (at least mid-stem) petiolate, narrowly to broadly ovate (widths 1/2–1 1/4 times lengths), membranous, margins, usually crenate, faces finely to coarsely hirsute; peduncles hairy (hairs grayish to reddish, erect or spreading, sometimes curling); intergrades to B. pumila and B. texana
|[[Berlandiera ×betonicifolia|Berlandiera ×betonicifolia]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Stems (stiff) erect; leaf blades (at least mid-stem) petiolate to sessile, elongate-deltate to lanceolate (widths to 2/3 lengths), chartaceous, margins serrate to dentate, faces hirsute to scabrous; peduncles hairy (densely hirsute)
|[[Berlandiera texana|Berlandiera texana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Berlandiera
|author=Donald J. Pinkava
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=United States;Mexico.
|reference=nesom1998a;pinkava1964a;pinkava1967a
|publication title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication year=1836
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_194.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae
|genus=Berlandiera
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ecliptinae]]