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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant architecture;plant architecture or pubescence or relief;abaxial central spine prominence;stem prominence"><b>Plants </b>usually unbranched (branched with age, forming large clumps to 80 cm diam. at low elevation in Brewster County, Texas), usually relatively smooth except for protruding abaxial central spine, stem largely obscured by spines.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="taproot density;taproot height or length or size"><b>Roots </b>diffuse or short taproots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem shape;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem length;stem width"><b>Stems </b>spheric (ovoid or conic with age) to cylindric, 3–15 (–20) × 3–7.6 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="tubercle length;tubercle width;tubercle texture">tubercles 8–12 × 6–11 mm, firm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="areolar gland prominence">areolar glands seasonally conspicuous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="parenchyma coating">parenchyma not mucilaginous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pith count">pith 1/4–1/3 of lesser stem diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="medullary system architecture;medullary system count">medullary vascular system absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="spine count;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;inner layer position relational;inner layer coloration;inner layer coloration;inner layer coloration;tip coloration"><b>Spines </b>16–34 per areole, drab whitish, pale yellowish tan, or pale purplish gray, overlying relatively bright-yellow to dark yellowbrown inner layers, later gray with dark tips;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine count;spine length;spine width">radial spines 15–25 (–29) per areole, 16–24 × 0.2–0.6 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="subcentral spine atypical count;subcentral spine atypical count;subcentral spine count;subcentral spine orientation">subcentral spines (0–) 2–3 (–4) per areole, erect;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="central spine atypical count;central spine atypical count;central spine count;central spine course;central spine course;central spine orientation;abaxial central spine orientation;other fixation or orientation;abaxial central spine length;abaxial central spine width;abaxial central spine texture;other length or size;other width">central spines (0–) 1–4 (–11) per areole, larger spines and abaxial central spine porrect, straight or slightly curved downward (rarely strongly recurved), others appressed, abaxial (or only) central spine 11.5–25 × 0.3–0.9 mm, rigid, others slightly longer and thinner.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower length;flower width;flower position"><b>Flowers </b>nearly apical, 25–65 × 25–65 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="outer tepal architecture or shape">outer tepals entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="inner tepal count;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal length;inner tepal width">inner tepals 20–37 per flower, bright-yellow, sometimes proximally reddish, 22–34 × 4.5–12 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="outer filament coloration;outer filament coloration;outer filament coloration;outer filament coloration;outer filament coloration">outer filaments reddish, reddish orange, or yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers bright yellow-orange;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma lobe count;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe some measurement">stigma lobes 10–13, whitish or greenish yellow, 3–4 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit coating"><b>Fruits </b>green, ovoid, 12–28 × 10–19 mm, slimy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="floral remnant duration">floral remnant strongly persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>reddish-brown, somewhat comma-shaped, 1.7–1.9 mm, smooth, shiny.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture or pubescence or relief;seed reflectance;2n chromosome count">2n = 22 (as C. cornifera var. echinus).</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually unbranched (branched with age, forming large clumps to 80 cm diam. at low elevation in Brewster County, Texas), usually relatively smooth except for protruding abaxial central spine, stem largely obscured by spines. <b>Roots</b> diffuse or short taproots. <b>Stems</b> spheric (ovoid or conic with age) to cylindric, 3–15(–20) × 3–7.6 cm; tubercles 8–12 × 6–11 mm, firm; areolar glands seasonally conspicuous; parenchyma not mucilaginous; pith 1/4–1/3 of lesser stem diam.; medullary vascular system absent. <b>Spines</b> 16–34 per areole, drab whitish, pale yellowish tan, or pale purplish gray, overlying relatively bright yellow to dark yellow-brown inner layers, later gray with dark tips; radial spines 15–25(–29) per areole, 16–24 × 0.2–0.6 mm; subcentral spines (0–)2–3(–4) per areole, erect; central spines (0–)1–4(–11) per areole, larger spines and abaxial central spine porrect, straight or slightly curved downward (rarely strongly recurved), others appressed, abaxial (or only) central spine 11.5–25 × 0.3–0.9 mm, rigid, others slightly longer and thinner. <b>Flowers</b> nearly apical, 25–65 × 25–65 mm; outer tepals entire; inner tepals 20–37 per flower, bright yellow, sometimes proximally reddish, 22–34 × 4.5–12 mm; outer filaments reddish, reddish orange, or yellow; anthers bright yellow-orange; stigma lobes 10–13, whitish or greenish yellow, 3–4 mm. <b>Fruits</b> green, ovoid, 12–28 × 10–19 mm, slimy; floral remnant strongly persistent. <b>Seeds</b> reddish brown, somewhat comma-shaped, 1.7–1.9 mm, smooth, shiny. <b>2n</b> = 22 (as C. cornifera var. echinus).</span><!-- |
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| | + | |phenology=Flowering late spring–summer (Apr–Jul); fruiting 2-4 months after flowering. |
| | |habitat=Degraded grasslands, desert scrub, on and near limestone or igneous hills and benches, with Larrea | | |habitat=Degraded grasslands, desert scrub, on and near limestone or igneous hills and benches, with Larrea |
| | |elevation=300-1500 m | | |elevation=300-1500 m |
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| | |basionyms=Mammillaria echinus | | |basionyms=Mammillaria echinus |
| | |family=Cactaceae | | |family=Cactaceae |
| | + | |phenology=Flowering late spring–summer (Apr–Jul); fruiting 2-4 months after flowering. |
| | |habitat=Degraded grasslands, desert scrub, on and near limestone or igneous hills and benches, with Larrea | | |habitat=Degraded grasslands, desert scrub, on and near limestone or igneous hills and benches, with Larrea |
| | |elevation=300-1500 m | | |elevation=300-1500 m |
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| | |publication year=1923 | | |publication year=1923 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_417.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_417.xml |
| | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae |
| | |genus=Coryphantha | | |genus=Coryphantha |
| | |species=Coryphantha echinus | | |species=Coryphantha echinus |
| − | |2n chromosome count=22
| |
| − | |abaxial central spine length=11.5mm;25mm
| |
| − | |abaxial central spine orientation=porrect
| |
| − | |abaxial central spine prominence=protruding
| |
| − | |abaxial central spine texture=rigid
| |
| − | |abaxial central spine width=0.3mm;0.9mm
| |
| − | |anther coloration=bright yellow-orange
| |
| − | |areolar gland prominence=conspicuous
| |
| − | |central spine atypical count=4;11
| |
| − | |central spine count=1;4
| |
| − | |central spine course=curved;straight
| |
| − | |central spine orientation=downward
| |
| − | |floral remnant duration=persistent
| |
| − | |flower length=25mm;65mm
| |
| − | |flower position=apical
| |
| − | |flower width=25mm;65mm
| |
| − | |fruit coating=slimy
| |
| − | |fruit coloration=green
| |
| − | |fruit length=12mm;28mm
| |
| − | |fruit shape=ovoid
| |
| − | |fruit width=10mm;19mm
| |
| − | |inner layer coloration=gray;bright-yellow to dark yellowbrown;bright-yellow
| |
| − | |inner layer position relational=overlying
| |
| − | |inner tepal coloration=reddish;bright-yellow
| |
| − | |inner tepal count=20;37
| |
| − | |inner tepal length=22mm;34mm
| |
| − | |inner tepal width=4.5mm;12mm
| |
| − | |medullary system architecture=vascular
| |
| − | |medullary system count=absent
| |
| − | |other fixation or orientation=appressed
| |
| − | |other length or size=longer
| |
| − | |other width=thinner
| |
| − | |outer filament coloration=yellow;reddish orange;yellow;reddish orange;reddish
| |
| − | |outer tepal architecture or shape=entire
| |
| − | |parenchyma coating=not mucilaginous
| |
| − | |pith count=1/4;1/3
| |
| − | |plant architecture=unbranched
| |
| − | |plant architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |seed architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth
| |
| − | |seed coloration=reddish-brown
| |
| − | |seed reflectance=shiny
| |
| − | |seed shape=comma-shaped
| |
| − | |seed some measurement=1.7mm;1.9mm
| |
| − | |spine arrangement=radial
| |
| − | |spine atypical count=25;29
| |
| − | |spine coloration=gray;pale purplish;tan;pale purplish;tan;pale yellowish;drab whitish
| |
| − | |spine count=15;25
| |
| − | |spine length=16mm;24mm
| |
| − | |spine width=0.2mm;0.6mm
| |
| − | |stem atypical length=15cm;20cm
| |
| − | |stem length=3cm;15cm
| |
| − | |stem prominence=obscured
| |
| − | |stem shape=spheric;cylindric
| |
| − | |stem width=3cm;7.6cm
| |
| − | |stigma lobe coloration=greenish yellow;whitish
| |
| − | |stigma lobe count=10;13
| |
| − | |stigma lobe some measurement=3mm;4mm
| |
| − | |subcentral spine atypical count=3;4
| |
| − | |subcentral spine count=2;3
| |
| − | |subcentral spine orientation=erect
| |
| − | |taproot density=diffuse
| |
| − | |taproot height or length or size=short
| |
| − | |tip coloration=dark
| |
| − | |tubercle length=8mm;12mm
| |
| − | |tubercle texture=firm
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| − | |tubercle width=6mm;11mm
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Plants usually unbranched (branched with age, forming large clumps to 80 cm diam. at low elevation in Brewster County, Texas), usually relatively smooth except for protruding abaxial central spine, stem largely obscured by spines. Roots diffuse or short taproots. Stems spheric (ovoid or conic with age) to cylindric, 3–15(–20) × 3–7.6 cm; tubercles 8–12 × 6–11 mm, firm; areolar glands seasonally conspicuous; parenchyma not mucilaginous; pith 1/4–1/3 of lesser stem diam.; medullary vascular system absent. Spines 16–34 per areole, drab whitish, pale yellowish tan, or pale purplish gray, overlying relatively bright yellow to dark yellow-brown inner layers, later gray with dark tips; radial spines 15–25(–29) per areole, 16–24 × 0.2–0.6 mm; subcentral spines (0–)2–3(–4) per areole, erect; central spines (0–)1–4(–11) per areole, larger spines and abaxial central spine porrect, straight or slightly curved downward (rarely strongly recurved), others appressed, abaxial (or only) central spine 11.5–25 × 0.3–0.9 mm, rigid, others slightly longer and thinner. Flowers nearly apical, 25–65 × 25–65 mm; outer tepals entire; inner tepals 20–37 per flower, bright yellow, sometimes proximally reddish, 22–34 × 4.5–12 mm; outer filaments reddish, reddish orange, or yellow; anthers bright yellow-orange; stigma lobes 10–13, whitish or greenish yellow, 3–4 mm. Fruits green, ovoid, 12–28 × 10–19 mm, slimy; floral remnant strongly persistent. Seeds reddish brown, somewhat comma-shaped, 1.7–1.9 mm, smooth, shiny. 2n = 22 (as C. cornifera var. echinus).
Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer (Apr–Jul); fruiting 2-4 months after flowering.
Habitat: Degraded grasslands, desert scrub, on and near limestone or igneous hills and benches, with Larrea
Elevation: 300-1500 m
Distribution
Tex., Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila).
Discussion
Mature plants of Coryphantha echinus are dimorphic with respect to presence/absence of porrect (inner or abaxial) central spines. Immature plants of most populations lack central spines, except in the southern and western populations where some individuals produce central spines even before sexual maturation. The name C. pectinata (Engelmann) Britton & Rose was used for plants lacking central spines. Coryphantha echinus was recombined as variety of central Mexican C. cornifera (L. D. Benson 1969c); however, they belong to different species groups.
The showy flowers of Coryphantha echinus are among the most ephemeral in the Cactaceae. They are fully expanded at high noon (if in brilliant sunlight) and wilt after only an hour or two. By mid afternoon, when most Chihuahuan Desert cacti are at the peak of anthesis, the flowers of C. echinus are tightly closed.
Selected References
None.
