Difference between revisions of "Crataegus sect. Coccineae"

Latest revision as of 00:00, 6 November 2020

Shrubs or trees, (5–)30–110(–150) dm. Stems: trunks 1–several, ± erect to oblique, bark usually flattened-scaly, sometimes corrugated or thin-exfoliating; compound thorns on trunks present or absent; thorns on twigs determinate, straight to recurved, slender to stout. Leaves: blade broadly lanceolate, elliptic, spatulate, obovate, obtrullate, rhombic-ovate, broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8(–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5(–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8(–10) per side, absent to sinuses, matte. Inflorescences: branches glabrous or pubescent; symmetric bracteoles present, basal stipuliform, falcate bracteoles absent. Flowers: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens (5–)10 or 20(–47), rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. Pomes usually red, sometimes yellow, orange, or pink mauve, sometimes remaining green until late, or green-blotched, sometimes ± conspicuously pruinose; pyrene sides plane (to shallowly concave in C. ursopedensis).

Distribution

North America, Mexico, introduced in Europe.

Discussion

Species 128 (119 in the flora).

Section Coccineae includes 20 series and constitutes the main North American hawthorn diversification which comprises a single clade when sect. Macracanthae is included (E. Y. Y. Lo et al. 2009). Variation in habit, leaf shape, glandularity, and other characters, permits recognition of more or less distinct series; the delimitation of some series may warrant further attention. Most groups with leaf lobes absent, for example, ser. Aestivales, Crus-galli, Punctatae, and Madrenses, are found here, as are series that tolerate particularly extreme conditions for Crataegus, for example, ser. Aestivales (southeastern wetlands) and ser. Lacrimatae (southeastern xeromorphs).

Series Anomalae and ser. Macracanthae are often included in sect. Coccineae; here they are placed in sect. Macracanthae because their pyrenes are pitted.

Series Microcarpae (sect. Crataegus) is included at couplet 44 below to handle common forms that key out there with little lobing and, thus, no veins to sinuses. The interserial hybrids Crataegus persimilis and C. ×sicca key out at couplets 16 and 20, respectively; C. turnerorum keys out in part at couplets 18 and 31.

Selected References

Phipps, J. B. et al. 2006b. Crataegus series Bracteatae and Triflorae (Rosaceae). Sida 22: 1009–1025.

Lower Taxa

Key

1	Inflorescences 2–6-flowered (± umbellate); flowering before or with young leaves, anthesis very early, before other sympatric hawthorns; pomes ripe May–late June; se United States, wetlands.	64f.Crataegus ser. Aestivales
1	Inflorescences usually 7–25-flowered (if 1–6-flowered, not ± umbellate); not flowering before or with young leaves, anthesis later; pomes ripe August–October; mostly in toplands, except few se United States species	> 2
2	Bracteoles, at least larger, usually ± herbaceous, usually ± persistent, others sometimes membranous but sometimes caducous; flowers 18–30 mm diam	> 3
2	Bracteoles usually ± membranous, sometimes ± herbaceous, usually caducous, sometimes fugacious or ± persistent, rarely deciduous; flowers 8–25(–26) mm diam	> 8
3	Leaves and petioles eglandular or sparsely glandular	> 4
3	Leaves and petioles gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular	> 5
4	Pomes orange-red, bright or deep red, or bright yellow, not pruinose; flesh mealy; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent to broadly spreading, rarely incurved, often ± accrescent; larger bracteoles narrowly oblong, abaxially villous.	Crataegus ser. Molles
4	Pomes bright pink to crimson, glabrous or pubescent at ends; flesh ± hard; fruiting sepals spreading or ± reflexed, non-accrescent; larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous.	Crataegus ser. Dilatatae
5	Flowers 25–30 mm diam.; stamens 10 or 30–45(–47); shrubs multi-stemmed, main trunk not dominant; leaf blades ± chartaceous; inflorescences frequently arising laterally from extension shoots.	64f.Crataegus ser. Triflorae
5	Flowers 18–25 mm diam.; stamens (5 or)10 or 20–25; shrubs or trees 1- to few-stemmed, main trunk dominant; leaf blades usually thick and ± chartaceous or thinner but subcoriaceous; inflorescences either arising solely subterminally from woody short shoots (ser. Molles, ser. Dilatatae), or sometimes arising laterally from extension shoots (ser. Bracteatae)	> 6
6	Leaves: lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, merely apiculi or sinuses very shallow, deep green, subcoriaceous; petioles 15–25% length of blade; inflorescences 3–12-flowered; stamens 20(–25); larger bracteoles ligulate, semipersistent, margins strongly stipitate-glandular.	Crataegus ser. Bracteatae
6	Leaves: lobes usually 1–6 per side, distinct, sinuses shallow to deep, green or bluish green, ± thick or chartaceous; petioles 30–50% length of blade; inflorescences 5–20-flowered; stamens (5 or)10 or 20; larger bracteoles narrow to linear, subherbaceous, margins sessile-glandular (ser. Molles), or larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous, margins strongly stipitate-glandular (ser. Dilatatae)	> 7
7	Pomes orange-red, bright or deep red, not pruinose; flesh mealy; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent to broadly spreading, rarely incurved, often ± accrescent; larger bracteoles narrowly oblong, abaxially villous.	Crataegus ser. Molles
7	Pomes bright pink to crimson, glabrous or pubescent at ends; flesh ± hard; fruiting sepals spreading or ± reflexed, not accrescent; larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous.	Crataegus ser. Dilatatae
8	Petioles usually eglandular; if petioles ± glandular, sepal margins not glandular-denticulate, -serrate, or -laciniate	> 9
8	Petioles, at least some, glandular; sepal margins glandular-denticulate, -serrate, -laciniate, or -pectinate	> 33
9	Leaves: lobes 0 or not much bigger than teeth	> 10
9	Leaves: lobes evident and distinct	> 21
10	Bracteoles linear-filiform, margins eglandular or sparsely glandular; pomes 5–8 mm diam	Crataegus ser. Virides
10	Bracteoles narrowly elliptic, linear, or narrow, margins sparsely glandular; pomes 8–15 mm diam	> 11
11	Sepal margins entire or slightly glandular-serrate	> 12
11	Sepal margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate or -pectinate	> 16
12	Leaf blades usually ± thin or chartaceous, matte	> 13
12	Leaf blades subcoriaceous, glossy	> 14
13	Inflorescence branches pubescent.	Crataegus ser. Punctatae
13	Inflorescence branches glabrous.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
14	Leaves and inflorescence branches glabrous.	Crataegus ser. Crus-galli
14	Leaves and inflorescence branches hairy, particularly young	> 15
15	Styles and pyrenes 1–3; se United States.	Crataegus ser. Crus-galli
15	Styles and pyrenes 3–5; Texas.	Crataegus ser. Madrenses
16	Pyrene sides pitted.	Crataegus persimilis
16	Pyrene sides plane	> 17
17	Leaf blades ± isodiametric, blue-green mature, woolly.	Crataegus ser. Molles
17	Leaf blades longer than wide, green to dark green mature, appressed- or scabrous-pubescent, glabrous, or white-tomentose	> 18
18	Leaves: veins 3 per side; stamens 15.	Crataegus turnerorum
18	Leaves: veins 4–7 per side; stamens 10 or 20	> 19
19	Petiole length 20–30% blade; blades matte, villous to tomentose.	Crataegus ser. Greggianae
19	Petiole length usually 20–50% blade; blades glossy, glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent	> 20
20	Leaf blades scabrous, veins 5 or 6 per side; Texas.	Crataegus ser. Madrenses
20	Leaf blades glabrous, veins 7 per side; n United States, adjacent Canada.	Crataegus ×sicca
21	Inflorescence branches pubescent	> 22
21	Inflorescence branches glabrous	> 27
22	Bracteoles linear-filiform, margins eglandular or sparsely glandular.	Crataegus ser. Virides
22	Bracteoles linear to oblong, margins stipitate- or sessile-glandular	> 23
23	Sepal margins glandular-laciniate to -serrate; leaf blades hard, chartaceous, or coriaceous; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent, sometimes spreading	> 24
23	Sepal margins entire or subentire; leaf blades thin; fruiting sepals erect-patent to recurved	> 25
24	Leaf blades broadly ovate or broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 2.5–4(–5) cm; flowers 15 mm diam.; c Texas, ± xeromorphs.	Crataegus ser. Greggianae
24	Leaf blades broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–8(–12) cm; flowers 18–22 mm diam.; e Texas to Alabama n to Minnesota and Quebec, mainly mesophytes.	Crataegus ser. Molles
25	Flowers (10–)13–17(–26) mm diam	Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae
25	Flowers 18–23 mm diam	> 26
26	Fruiting sepals sessile.	Crataegus ser. Punctatae
26	Fruiting sepals elevated.	Crataegus ser. Pruinosae
27	Inflorescences (10–)15–30+-flowered, bracteoles linear-filiform (length/width = 10–20:1), margins eglandular or sparsely glandular; pomes 5–8 mm diam.; leaves with tufts of hair in abaxial vein axils (not discernable in rare pubescent form); southeastern, damp ground.	Crataegus ser. Virides
27	Inflorescences 3–15-flowered, bracteoles linear or narrowly elliptic, margins sessile- or stipitate-glandular; pomes 7–15(–20) mm diam.; leaves lacking tufts of hair in abaxial vein axils; topland species	> 28
28	Leaves: adaxial surfaces of young blades glabrous (except along veins in some taxa and on whole adaxial surface in C. virella); pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or purple, often strongly pruinose, flesh hard; fruiting sepals usually on prominent collar.	Crataegus ser. Pruinosae
28	Leaves: adaxial surfaces of young blades glabrous or sparsely hairy; pomes yellow to reddish mature, not strongly pruinose, flesh hard or mellow; fruiting sepals usually sessile, sometimes slightly elevated	> 29
29	Twigs 1–2-years old dark brown, dark purple-brown, or reddish brown to blackish, often ± pruinose	> 30
29	Twigs 1–2-years old not both purple-brown and ± pruinose	> 31
30	Leaves: veins 4–6 per side, blades 2.5–4(–5) cm; petioles eglandular, length 25–33% blade; stamens 10.	Crataegus ser. Greggianae
30	Leaves: veins 3–5(or 6) per side, blades 2–7 cm; petioles sparsely glandular, length 20–30% blade; stamens 10(or 20).	Crataegus ser. Populneae
31	Stamens 15, anthers purple; c Texas.	Crataegus turnerorum
31	Stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers pink to purple or ivory; e, n United States, adjacent Canada	> 32
32	Leaves: lobes well defined, lobe apices usually acute, blades 3–6(–8) cm, apices acute; petioles glandular or eglandular; anthers pink to red or purple; pomes red, ellipsoid to suborbicular, sepals erect-patent to recurved or erose.	Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae
32	Leaves: lobe sinuses usually shallow, lobe apices subacute to obtuse, sometimes acuminate, blades 2–4(–5) cm, apices acuminate to obtuse; petioles eglandular or with 1–2 tiny glands; anthers ivory, sometimes pink; pomes usually bright to deep red or yellowish, sometimes orangish or burgundy, usually ± suborbicular, sometimes ellipsoid or oblong, sepals reflexed.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
33	Petioles, at least some, stipitate-glandular; bracteole margins usually short-stipitate- to stipitate-glandular	> 34
33	Petioles sessile-glandular; bracteole margins usually sessile-glandular to short-stipitate-glandular, except stipitate-glandular in ser. Intricatae, ser. Pulcherrimae, or C. dodgei group (larger bracteoles only, or some ser. Lacrimatae), rarely ± eglandular	> 40
34	Leaf blades ± elliptic to narrowly obovate or ovate, lobes 0 or obscure, subcoriaceous, (shiny at maturity); pomes orange-red to red, sepals not elevated on collar.	Crataegus ser. Bracteatae
34	Leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic, ovate or deltate, broadly ovate to rhombic-elliptic or rhombic, lobes 0 or 1–5 (if lobes 0, not elliptic to narrowly obovate), if so, short to moderately deep, usually ± thin, (not particularly shiny at maturity); pomes yellow to red, sepals ± elevated on collar, sometimes sessile	> 35
35	Pomes with sepals sessile; se United States	> 36
35	Pomes with sepals ± elevated on collar; e or se United States	> 37
36	Leaf blades 3–5 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic or suborbicular, base rounded to broadly truncate, lobes 3 or 4 per side, distinct, veins 4 or 5 per side; inflorescence branches coarsely hairy.	Crataegus ser. Populneae
36	Leaf blades 2.5–4(–5) cm, ovate to obovate or rhombic-ovate, base ± cuneate, lobes 0 or 1–3 per side, obscure, veins 5 or 6(or 7) per side; inflorescence branches appressed-scabrous.	Crataegus ser. Apricae
37	Stamens 10; trunk bark fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates or corrugated; e United States to Missouri.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
37	Stamens 20; trunk bark often corrugated; Texas to Georgia.	Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae
38	Inflorescence branches hairy.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
38	Inflorescence branches glabrous	> 39
39	Leaf blades 4–7 cm.	Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae
39	Leaf blades 2–4 cm.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
40	Twigs ± strongly flexuous, rarely slightly flexuous; leaf blades 1–4(–5) cm; (ultimate branches ± conspicuously pendulous, except in dwarf forms less than 10 dm)	> 41
40	Twigs straight, only rarely flexuous; leaf blades 2–6(–10) cm; (ultimate branches not especially drooping)	> 44
41	Dwarf species usually 0.5–2 m; twigs ± strongly flexuous, ultimate branches not markedly pendulous.	Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae
41	Larger species usually 2–7 m; twigs slightly to strongly flexuous, upper branches often ± pendulous	> 42
42	Leaf blades predominantly narrow, usually elliptic to oblong or narrowly obovate, sometimes obtrullate, ovate, or suborbicualte, usually widest toward tip, veins 1–5 per side (exiting mainly or wholly in apical part of blade), apices obtuse to acute; (upper branches conspicuously drooping).	Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae
42	Leaf blades suborbiculate to broadly ovate or rhombic-elliptic, veins 1–3 per side in small-leaved forms (1–2 cm), usually 3–5 per side in larger-leaved forms, terminating along leaf length, apices acute to obtuse; (upper branches gently to conspicuously drooping)	> 43
43	Leaves, especially young, glabrous or scabrous adaxially; (upper branches often slightly drooping, at most slightly flexuous); bracteoles ± stipitate-glandular; stamens 10 or 20, anthers ivory, cream, or pink to purple or red.	Crataegus ser. Apricae
43	Leaves, especially young, ± glabrous or woolly-tomentose adaxially; (upper branches drooping, clearly flexuous); bracteoles sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular; stamens 20, anthers ivory or cream.	Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae
44	Trunk bark smooth and exfoliating; pomes 4–6 mm diam	64a.Crataegus (sect. Crataegus) ser. Microcarpae
44	Trunk bark rough, scaly, fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates, or corrugated; pomes 8–14(–20) mm diam	> 45
45	Leaves: lobes 0 or shallow, sinuate; inflorescences 1–5-flowered; sepals ± equal to petals.	64f.Crataegus ser. Parvifoliae
45	Leaves: lobes 0 or distinctly lobed; inflorescences 3–15-flowered; sepals shorter than petals	> 46
46	Stamens (10–)20; pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or purple, strongly pruinose, flesh ± hard.	Crataegus ser. Pruinosae
46	Stamens 10 or 20; pomes reddish or yellowish, seldom strongly pruinose, flesh ± hard to mealy	> 47
47	Stamens 13–18, anthers purple.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
47	Stamens 5–10 or ca. 20, anthers white to cream or pale pink to pink-purple or red	> 48
48	Fruiting sepals elevated on short but distinct collar; glands of at least larger bracteoles clearly stipitate	> 49
48	Fruiting sepals sessile; glands of bracteoles sessile or stipitate	> 52
49	Stamens 10.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
49	Stamens 20	> 50
50	Inflorescence branches hairy; leaves 4–9 cm (rarely glabrous to sparsely hairy; if so, leaves 3–4 cm and anthers rose).	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
50	Inflorescence branches glabrous; leaves 4–9 cm (if 3–4 cm, anthers white to cream)	> 51
51	Fruiting sepals elevated on distinct collar; glands on all bracteoles stipitate; se United States.	Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae
51	Fruiting sepals elevated on short collar; glands only on larger, lower bracteoles stipitate; midwestern United States and adjacent Canada.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
52	Anthers white to cream, rarely palest pink; bracteoles sessile- or stipitate-glandular	> 53
52	Anthers pale pink or pink to red or purple; bracteoles sessile- or very short-stipitate-glandular	> 56
53	Bracteoles sessile- or very short-stipitate-glandular; stamens 10 or 20; inflorescence branches glabrous or hairy	> 54
53	At least larger bracteoles stipitate-glandular; stamens 10; inflorescence branches glabrous	> 55
54	Young leaves: adaxial surfaces glabrous; stamens 10; Delaware.	Crataegus ser. Populneae
54	Young leaves: adaxial surfaces ± scabrous-hairy; stamens 10 or 20; n United States, s Canada.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
55	Shrubs or trees, 4–6 m; all bracteoles stipitate-glandular; Ozarks, possible for se United States.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
55	Shrubs, 2–4 m; larger bracteoles stipitate-glandular; ne United States, adjacent Canada.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
56	Sepals glandular-denticulate; stamens 10; narrower pyrenes often concave-sided; pomes bright red in late August, becoming deep red at maturity; s Alberta, Saskatchewan.	Crataegus (sect. unassigned) ser. Montaninsulae
56	Sepals usually glandular-serrate; stamens 10 or 20; all pyrenes plane-sided; pomes orange to vermillion or bright red, green, or dull red, becoming bright or deep red or burgundy at maturity; n, ne United States, s Canada	> 57
57	Anthers very pale pink or pale cream-pink; inflorescence branches glabrous	> 58
57	Anthers pink to pink-purple or red; inflorescence branches glabrous or hairy	> 59
58	Anthers pale cream-pink; stamens 10; mature fruit orange to orange-brown or orange-red; Ozarks, possible for se United States.	Crataegus ser. Intricatae
58	Anthers very pale pink; stamens 20; mature fruit burgundy; British Columbia.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae
59	Inflorescence branches glabrous.	Crataegus ser. Populneae
59	Inflorescence branches hairy	> 60
60	Shrubs 4–10 m; leaves 5–9 cm; lobes usually shallow, but if deeper, broad; flowers 16–22 mm diam.; fruits 10–14 mm; Great Lakes to New England s in Appalachians to North Carolina.	64f.Crataegus ser. Coccineae
60	Shrubs 3–5 m; leaves 3–7 cm; lobes moderately deep, acute; flowers 13–17 mm diam.; fruits 8–10 mm; se Canada, ne United States	> 61
61	Leaf blades usually thin, often glossy, apices acute, lobe apices acuminate; inflorescence branches villous; sepal margins usually glandular-serrate, rarely nearly entire and eglandular; styles 3–5; pomes ellipsoid.	Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae
61	Leaf blades thin to chartaceous, matte, apices and lobe apices acute to subacute; inflorescence branches densely pubescent or villous; sepal margins glandular-serrate; styles 3 or 4(or 5); pomes suborbicular.	Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Treatment/ID
 |accepted_name=Crataegus sect. Coccineae
-|accepted_authority=(Sargent) Rehder
+|accepted_authority=Loudon
 |publications={{Treatment/Publication
-|title=Man. Cult. Trees ed.
+|title=Arbor. Frutic. Brit.
-|place=2, 361. 1940
+|place=2: 816. 1838
-|year=1940
+|year=1838
-}}
-|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
-|code=E
-|label=Endemic
-}}
-|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
-|name=Molles
-|authority=Sargent
-|publication_title=Silva
-|publication_place=13: 33. 1902
-}}
-|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
-|name=Crataegus sect. Molles
-|authority=(Sargent) C. K. Schneider
 }}
+|basionyms=
+|synonyms=
 |hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Crataegus;Crataegus sect. Coccineae
 |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crataegus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Crataegus sect. Coccineae]]</div></div>
 |volume=Volume 9
-|mention_page=page 492, 525, 526, 527, 532, 550, 552, 556, 557, 558, 594, 595, 638, 639
+|mention_page=page 495, 503, 516, 531, 536, 541, 546, 549, 550, 551, 557, 561, 567, 571, 578, 579, 585, 593, 604, 607, 609, 610, 618, 633
-|treatment_page=page 551
+|treatment_page=page 525
 }}<!--
---><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, (20–)40–100 dm, main trunk dominant. <b>Stems</b>: trunk bark buff to gray-brown, fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates, freshly exposed bark orange-brown; branches spreading; twigs ± straight, new growth pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, 1-year old tan or grayish tan to brown, 2-years old pale gray-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs absent (particularly mature) or few to numerous, ± straight to ± recurved, 2-years old dark brown to black, ± stout, 3–7(–9) cm. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole length (25–)30–50% blade, pubescent to tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, usually eglandular; blade ± elliptic to ± ovate, ± rhombic, or rhombic-ovate, sometimes suborbiculate or ovate-deltate, 4–8(–12) cm, thin to ± firmly chartaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate or rounded, lobes 0 or 1–6 per side (1 or 2 apiculi per side in <i>C. brazoria</i>), sinuses shallow to deep, lobe apex obtuse to very acute, margins usually strongly serrate, venation craspedodromous, veins (3 or)4–7(–9) per side, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface hairy to glabrate except on veins, adaxial hairy young. <b>Inflorescences</b> (5–)10–20-flowered, convex panicles, arising subterminally from woody shorts shoots of season; branches densely pubescent to tomentose; bracteoles (smaller) caducous, linear, membranous, margins sessile- or stipitate-glandular, (larger) ± persistent, narrowly oblong, ± herbaceous, margins sessile- or stipitate-glandular, abaxially villous. <b>Flowers</b> (14–)18–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± densely pubescent to tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, much shorter than petals, margins glandular-laciniate to glandular-serrate, rarely nearly entire; petals white, sometimes pink at late anthesis in <i>C. mollis</i>; stamens 5 or 6, 10, or 20, anthers usually ivory or rose, sometimes cream to pale pink or salmon, red, or purple; styles (3–)5. <b>Pomes</b> orange-red, bright or deep red, or bright yellow, usually suborbicular, 8–15(–25) mm diam., hairy (at least base and apex); flesh mealy; sepals ± retained, erect or erect-patent to broadly spreading, rarely incurved, ± accrescent; pyrenes (3–)5.</span><!--
+--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, (5–)30–110(–150) dm. <b>Stems</b>: trunks 1–several, ± erect to oblique, bark usually flattened-scaly, sometimes corrugated or thin-exfoliating; compound thorns on trunks present or absent; thorns on twigs determinate, straight to recurved, slender to stout. <b>Leaves</b>: blade broadly lanceolate, elliptic, spatulate, obovate, obtrullate, rhombic-ovate, broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8(–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5(–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8(–10) per side, absent to sinuses, matte. <b>Inflorescences</b>: branches glabrous or pubescent; symmetric bracteoles present, basal stipuliform, falcate bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b>: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens (5–)10 or 20(–47), rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. <b>Pomes</b> usually red, sometimes yellow, orange, or pink mauve, sometimes remaining green until late, or green-blotched, sometimes ± conspicuously pruinose; pyrene sides plane (to shallowly concave in <i>C. ursopedensis</i>).</span><!--
 -->{{Treatment/Body
 |distribution=North America;Mexico;introduced in Europe.
-|discussion=<p>Species 6 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
+|discussion=<p>Species 128 (119 in the flora).</p><!--
---><p><i>Crataegus mollis</i> and immediate relatives (with 20 stamens except in rare forms of <i>C. mollis</i>) mostly occur from the Great Plains to the Appalachians south to the Gulf Coast; <i>C. pennsylvanica</i> and <i>C. submollis</i> (with ten stamens) range from Wisconsin to New England, to Delaware, and North Carolina (<i>C. pennsylvanica</i>).</p><!--
+--><p><i>Section</i> Coccineae includes 20 series and constitutes the main North American hawthorn diversification which comprises a single clade when sect. Macracanthae is included (E. Y. Y. Lo et al. 2009). Variation in habit, leaf shape, glandularity, and other characters, permits recognition of more or less distinct series; the delimitation of some series may warrant further attention. Most groups with leaf lobes absent, for example, ser. Aestivales, Crus-galli, Punctatae, and Madrenses, are found here, as are series that tolerate particularly extreme conditions for <i>Crataegus</i>, for example, ser. Aestivales (southeastern wetlands) and ser. Lacrimatae (southeastern xeromorphs).</p><!--
---><p>As defined here, and following E. J. Palmer (1925) except for excluding <i>Crataegus greggiana</i>, ser. Molles comprises four wide-ranging and two local species.</p><!--
+--><p>Series Anomalae and ser. Macracanthae are often included in sect. Coccineae; here they are placed in sect. Macracanthae because their pyrenes are pitted.</p><!--
---><p>Plants in ser. Molles comprise relatively large-leaved, large-flowered, rather early flowering hawthorns that are shrubs or trees with stout thorns, relatively large, usually red fruit, glandular-serrate sepals, and plant parts that are usually very hairy, especially when young; similar characteristics are found in ser. Coccineae. Compared to ser. Coccineae, specimens of ser. Molles are usually more hairy, particularly on the abaxial leaf surfaces, in the inflorescences, and in the density and persistence of indumentum. Other distinctions lie in the larger bracteoles in ser. Molles being broader and subherbaceous (versus narrower and membranous in ser. Coccineae) and in the fruiting sepals in ser. Molles being accrescent and tending to be suberect (versus non-accrescent and spreading in ser. Coccineae). The characteristic bracteoles of ser. Molles taxa are very evident in figures for J. B. Phipps (2012). Additionally, at least in their region of sympatry, the filament lengths of ser. Molles are shorter relative to length (50–60% versus 70–90%). Because of difficulties in measuring these delicate organs, this information is not used in the key.</p><!--
+--><p>Series Microcarpae (sect. <i>Crataegus</i>) is included at couplet 44 below to handle common forms that key out there with little lobing and, thus, no veins to sinuses. The interserial hybrids <i>Crataegus persimilis</i> and <i>C. ×sicca</i> key out at couplets 16 and 20, respectively; <i>C. turnerorum</i> keys out in part at couplets 18 and 31.</p>
---><p>Members of ser. Molles may also be confused with the somewhat similar ser. Punctatae but differ in their much more tomentose indumentum, usually larger and relatively wider leaves, wider and more persistent bracteoles, and, in most species, more deeply dissected sepals. <i>Crataegus phippsii</i>, a purple-fruited species of ser. Purpureofructus from the Pacific Northwest, is also similar in aspect and can be confused in flower. The rare local species <i>C. ×dispessa</i>, <i>C. ×kelloggii</i>, and <i>C. ×latebrosa</i>, previously assigned to the series, represent hybrids or hybrid derivatives with species of other series and key out in the second, fifth, and eleventh couplets, respectively; they possess more membranous, less persistent bracteoles, are usually not tomentose in the same way, and have thinner leaves, and are treated under interserial hybrids.</p>
 |tables=
 |references={{Treatment/Reference
-|id=phipps2012a
+|id=phipps2006b
-|text=Phipps, J. B. 2012. Critical taxa in series Molles (Crataegus, Rosaceae): Typifications, new combinations, and taxonomic review. Phytoneuron 2012–78: 1–23.
+|text=Phipps, J. B. et al. 2006b. Crataegus series Bracteatae and Triflorae (Rosaceae). Sida 22: 1009–1025.
 }}
 }}<!--
@@ Line 51: / Line 38: @@
 |-id=key-0-1
 |1
-|Pomes yellow, gold, or orange
+|Inflorescences 2–6-flowered (± umbellate); flowering before or with young leaves, anthesis very early, before other sympatric hawthorns; pomes ripe May–late June; se United States, wetlands.
-|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
+|[[64f.Crataegus ser. Aestivales|64f.Crataegus ser. Aestivales]]
 |-id=key-0-1
 |1
-|Pomes orange-red to deep red
+|Inflorescences usually 7–25-flowered (if 1–6-flowered, not ± umbellate); not flowering before or with young leaves, anthesis later; pomes ripe August–October; mostly in toplands, except few se United States species
-|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
+|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
 |-id=key-0-2
 |2
-|Inflorescences: branches sparsely villous; hypanthia hairy proximally; fruiting pedicels glabrous; Missouri.
+|Bracteoles, at least larger, usually ± herbaceous, usually ± persistent, others sometimes membranous but sometimes caducous; flowers 18–30 mm diam
-|[[Crataegus ×kelloggii|Crataegus ×kelloggii]]
+|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
 |-id=key-0-2
 |2
-|Inflorescences: branches tomentose; hypanthia tomentose; fruiting pedicels pubescent; Texas
+|Bracteoles usually ± membranous, sometimes ± herbaceous, usually caducous, sometimes fugacious or ± persistent, rarely deciduous; flowers 8–25(–26) mm diam
-|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
+|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
 |-id=key-0-3
 |3
-|Leaf blades ± broadly ovate, lobes 2–4 per side, sinuses shallow, abaxially rough-hairy mature; anthers ivory-cream; pomes 8–14(–20) mm diam
+|Leaves and petioles eglandular or sparsely glandular
-|[[Crataegus mollis|Crataegus mollis]]
+|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
 |-id=key-0-3
 |3
-|Leaf blades usually ± elliptic, lobes 0, abaxially glabrescent mature; anthers rose; pomes 8–10 mm diam
+|Leaves and petioles gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular
-|[[Crataegus brazoria|Crataegus brazoria]]
+|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
 |-id=key-0-4
 |4
-|Stamens 5–10
+|Pomes orange-red, bright or deep red, or bright yellow, not pruinose; flesh mealy; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent to broadly spreading, rarely incurved, often ± accrescent; larger bracteoles narrowly oblong, abaxially villous.
-|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Molles|Crataegus ser. Molles]]
 |-id=key-0-4
 |4
-|Stamens 20
+|Pomes bright pink to crimson, glabrous or pubescent at ends; flesh ± hard; fruiting sepals spreading or ± reflexed, non-accrescent; larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous.
-|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Dilatatae|Crataegus ser. Dilatatae]]
 |-id=key-0-5
 |5
-|Thorns on twigs usually numerous; anthers rose; rare, sw Missouri, n Arkansas.
+|Flowers 25–30 mm diam.; stamens 10 or 30–45(–47); shrubs multi-stemmed, main trunk not dominant; leaf blades ± chartaceous; inflorescences frequently arising laterally from extension shoots.
-|[[Crataegus ×latebrosa|Crataegus ×latebrosa]]
+|[[64f.Crataegus ser. Triflorae|64f.Crataegus ser. Triflorae]]
 |-id=key-0-5
 |5
-|Thorns on twigs usually absent or few, sometimes numerous; anthers ivory or cream to pale pink or salmon; ne Great Plains to Missouri, nw United States, adjacent Canada
+|Flowers 18–25 mm diam.; stamens (5 or)10 or 20–25; shrubs or trees 1- to few-stemmed, main trunk dominant; leaf blades usually thick and ± chartaceous or thinner but subcoriaceous; inflorescences either arising solely subterminally from woody short shoots (ser. Molles, ser. Dilatatae), or sometimes arising laterally from extension shoots (ser. Bracteatae)
 |[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
 |-id=key-0-6
 |6
-|Anthers ivory, stamens 10; thorns on twigs numerous, 2-years old shiny blackish; leaf blades: bases cuneate.
+|Leaves: lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, merely apiculi or sinuses very shallow, deep green, subcoriaceous; petioles 15–25% length of blade; inflorescences 3–12-flowered; stamens 20(–25); larger bracteoles ligulate, semipersistent, margins strongly stipitate-glandular.
-|[[Crataegus submollis|Crataegus submollis]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Bracteatae|Crataegus ser. Bracteatae]]
 |-id=key-0-6
 |6
-|Anthers cream to pale pink or salmon, stamens 5 or 6, or 10; thorns on twigs absent or few, 2-years old shiny dark brown; leaf blades: bases broadly cuneate to truncate.
+|Leaves: lobes usually 1–6 per side, distinct, sinuses shallow to deep, green or bluish green, ± thick or chartaceous; petioles 30–50% length of blade; inflorescences 5–20-flowered; stamens (5 or)10 or 20; larger bracteoles narrow to linear, subherbaceous, margins sessile-glandular (ser. Molles), or larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous, margins strongly stipitate-glandular (ser. Dilatatae)
-|[[Crataegus pennsylvanica|Crataegus pennsylvanica]]
+|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
 |-id=key-0-7
 |7
-|Anthers rose, rose-purple, red, or purple
+|Pomes orange-red, bright or deep red, not pruinose; flesh mealy; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent to broadly spreading, rarely incurved, often ± accrescent; larger bracteoles narrowly oblong, abaxially villous.
-|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Molles|Crataegus ser. Molles]]
 |-id=key-0-7
 |7
-|Anthers ivory or cream, rarely pink
+|Pomes bright pink to crimson, glabrous or pubescent at ends; flesh ± hard; fruiting sepals spreading or ± reflexed, not accrescent; larger bracteoles oblong to curved, abaxially glabrous.
-|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Dilatatae|Crataegus ser. Dilatatae]]
 |-id=key-0-8
 |8
-|Leaf blades ovate to suborbiculate, 4–5 cm, lobes 1 or 2 per side, bluish mature; shrubs 20–80 dm; thorns on twigs numerous; sw Missouri.
+|Petioles usually eglandular; if petioles ± glandular, sepal margins not glandular-denticulate, -serrate, or -laciniate
-|[[Crataegus lanuginosa|Crataegus lanuginosa]]
+|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
 |-id=key-0-8
 |8
-|Leaf blades ± rhombic or ovate, 4–8 cm, lobes 1–4 per side, sinuses deep to shallow, or ± elliptic, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 apicula per side, green mature; shrubs 80–100 dm; thorns on twigs absent or few, sometimes frequent; Missouri to Texas
+|Petioles, at least some, glandular; sepal margins glandular-denticulate, -serrate, -laciniate, or -pectinate
-|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
+|[[#key-0-33| > 33]]
 |-id=key-0-9
 |9
-|Leaf blades ± ovate, lobes 1–4 per side, sinuses shallow to deep; Missouri to Texas.
+|Leaves: lobes 0 or not much bigger than teeth
-|[[Crataegus texana|Crataegus texana]]
+|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
 |-id=key-0-9
 |9
-|Leaf blades ± elliptic, lobes 0, or 1 or 2 apicula per side; sc, se Texas.
+|Leaves: lobes evident and distinct
-|[[Crataegus brazoria|Crataegus brazoria]]
+|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
 |-id=key-0-10
 |10
-|Petioles glandular.
+|Bracteoles linear-filiform, margins eglandular or sparsely glandular; pomes 5–8 mm diam
-|[[Crataegus submollis|Crataegus submollis]]
+|[[Crataegus ser. Virides|Crataegus ser. Virides]]
 |-id=key-0-10
 |10
-|Petioles eglandular
+|Bracteoles narrowly elliptic, linear, or narrow, margins sparsely glandular; pomes 8–15 mm diam
 |[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
 |-id=key-0-11
 |11
-|Leaf blades ovate or suborbiculate, lobes 0 or 2–6 per side; larger bracteoles subherbaceous, narrowly oblong.
+|Sepal margins entire or slightly glandular-serrate
-|[[Crataegus mollis|Crataegus mollis]]
+|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
 |-id=key-0-11
 |11
-|Leaf blades elliptic to suborbiculate, lobes 0 or 1–3 per side; all bracteoles ± membranous, linear.
+|Sepal margins glandular-serrate to glandular-laciniate or -pectinate
-|[[Crataegus ×dispessa|Crataegus ×dispessa]]
+|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
+|-id=key-0-12
+|12
+|Leaf blades usually ± thin or chartaceous, matte
+|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
+|-id=key-0-12
+|12
+|Leaf blades subcoriaceous, glossy
+|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
+|-id=key-0-13
+|13
+|Inflorescence branches pubescent.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Punctatae|Crataegus ser. Punctatae]]
+|-id=key-0-13
+|13
+|Inflorescence branches glabrous.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-14
+|14
+|Leaves and inflorescence branches glabrous.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Crus-galli|Crataegus ser. Crus-galli]]
+|-id=key-0-14
+|14
+|Leaves and inflorescence branches hairy, particularly young
+|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
+|-id=key-0-15
+|15
+|Styles and pyrenes 1–3; se United States.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Crus-galli|Crataegus ser. Crus-galli]]
+|-id=key-0-15
+|15
+|Styles and pyrenes 3–5; Texas.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Madrenses|Crataegus ser. Madrenses]]
+|-id=key-0-16
+|16
+|Pyrene sides pitted.
+|[[Crataegus persimilis|Crataegus persimilis]]
+|-id=key-0-16
+|16
+|Pyrene sides plane
+|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
+|-id=key-0-17
+|17
+|Leaf blades ± isodiametric, blue-green mature, woolly.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Molles|Crataegus ser. Molles]]
+|-id=key-0-17
+|17
+|Leaf blades longer than wide, green to dark green mature, appressed- or scabrous-pubescent, glabrous, or white-tomentose
+|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
+|-id=key-0-18
+|18
+|Leaves: veins 3 per side; stamens 15.
+|[[Crataegus turnerorum|Crataegus turnerorum]]
+|-id=key-0-18
+|18
+|Leaves: veins 4–7 per side; stamens 10 or 20
+|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
+|-id=key-0-19
+|19
+|Petiole length 20–30% blade; blades matte, villous to tomentose.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Greggianae|Crataegus ser. Greggianae]]
+|-id=key-0-19
+|19
+|Petiole length usually 20–50% blade; blades glossy, glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent
+|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
+|-id=key-0-20
+|20
+|Leaf blades scabrous, veins 5 or 6 per side; Texas.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Madrenses|Crataegus ser. Madrenses]]
+|-id=key-0-20
+|20
+|Leaf blades glabrous, veins 7 per side; n United States, adjacent Canada.
+|[[Crataegus ×sicca|Crataegus ×sicca]]
+|-id=key-0-21
+|21
+|Inflorescence branches pubescent
+|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
+|-id=key-0-21
+|21
+|Inflorescence branches glabrous
+|[[#key-0-27| > 27]]
+|-id=key-0-22
+|22
+|Bracteoles linear-filiform, margins eglandular or sparsely glandular.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Virides|Crataegus ser. Virides]]
+|-id=key-0-22
+|22
+|Bracteoles linear to oblong, margins stipitate- or sessile-glandular
+|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
+|-id=key-0-23
+|23
+|Sepal margins glandular-laciniate to -serrate; leaf blades hard, chartaceous, or coriaceous; fruiting sepals erect or erect-patent, sometimes spreading
+|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
+|-id=key-0-23
+|23
+|Sepal margins entire or subentire; leaf blades thin; fruiting sepals erect-patent to recurved
+|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
+|-id=key-0-24
+|24
+|Leaf blades broadly ovate or broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 2.5–4(–5) cm; flowers 15 mm diam.; c Texas, ± xeromorphs.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Greggianae|Crataegus ser. Greggianae]]
+|-id=key-0-24
+|24
+|Leaf blades broadly elliptic to ovate, 4–8(–12) cm; flowers 18–22 mm diam.; e Texas to Alabama n to Minnesota and Quebec, mainly mesophytes.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Molles|Crataegus ser. Molles]]
+|-id=key-0-25
+|25
+|Flowers (10–)13–17(–26) mm diam
+|[[Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae|Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-25
+|25
+|Flowers 18–23 mm diam
+|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
+|-id=key-0-26
+|26
+|Fruiting sepals sessile.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Punctatae|Crataegus ser. Punctatae]]
+|-id=key-0-26
+|26
+|Fruiting sepals elevated.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pruinosae|Crataegus ser. Pruinosae]]
+|-id=key-0-27
+|27
+|Inflorescences (10–)15–30+-flowered, bracteoles linear-filiform (length/width = 10–20:1), margins eglandular or sparsely glandular; pomes 5–8 mm diam.; leaves with tufts of hair in abaxial vein axils (not discernable in rare pubescent form); southeastern, damp ground.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Virides|Crataegus ser. Virides]]
+|-id=key-0-27
+|27
+|Inflorescences 3–15-flowered, bracteoles linear or narrowly elliptic, margins sessile- or stipitate-glandular; pomes 7–15(–20) mm diam.; leaves lacking tufts of hair in abaxial vein axils; topland species
+|[[#key-0-28| > 28]]
+|-id=key-0-28
+|28
+|Leaves: adaxial surfaces of young blades glabrous (except along veins in some taxa and on whole adaxial surface in C. virella); pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or purple, often strongly pruinose, flesh hard; fruiting sepals usually on prominent collar.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pruinosae|Crataegus ser. Pruinosae]]
+|-id=key-0-28
+|28
+|Leaves: adaxial surfaces of young blades glabrous or sparsely hairy; pomes yellow to reddish mature, not strongly pruinose, flesh hard or mellow; fruiting sepals usually sessile, sometimes slightly elevated
+|[[#key-0-29| > 29]]
+|-id=key-0-29
+|29
+|Twigs 1–2-years old dark brown, dark purple-brown, or reddish brown to blackish, often ± pruinose
+|[[#key-0-30| > 30]]
+|-id=key-0-29
+|29
+|Twigs 1–2-years old not both purple-brown and ± pruinose
+|[[#key-0-31| > 31]]
+|-id=key-0-30
+|30
+|Leaves: veins 4–6 per side, blades 2.5–4(–5) cm; petioles eglandular, length 25–33% blade; stamens 10.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Greggianae|Crataegus ser. Greggianae]]
+|-id=key-0-30
+|30
+|Leaves: veins 3–5(or 6) per side, blades 2–7 cm; petioles sparsely glandular, length 20–30% blade; stamens 10(or 20).
+|[[Crataegus ser. Populneae|Crataegus ser. Populneae]]
+|-id=key-0-31
+|31
+|Stamens 15, anthers purple; c Texas.
+|[[Crataegus turnerorum|Crataegus turnerorum]]
+|-id=key-0-31
+|31
+|Stamens 5–10 or 20, anthers pink to purple or ivory; e, n United States, adjacent Canada
+|[[#key-0-32| > 32]]
+|-id=key-0-32
+|32
+|Leaves: lobes well defined, lobe apices usually acute, blades 3–6(–8) cm, apices acute; petioles glandular or eglandular; anthers pink to red or purple; pomes red, ellipsoid to suborbicular, sepals erect-patent to recurved or erose.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae|Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-32
+|32
+|Leaves: lobe sinuses usually shallow, lobe apices subacute to obtuse, sometimes acuminate, blades 2–4(–5) cm, apices acuminate to obtuse; petioles eglandular or with 1–2 tiny glands; anthers ivory, sometimes pink; pomes usually bright to deep red or yellowish, sometimes orangish or burgundy, usually ± suborbicular, sometimes ellipsoid or oblong, sepals reflexed.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-33
+|33
+|Petioles, at least some, stipitate-glandular; bracteole margins usually short-stipitate- to stipitate-glandular
+|[[#key-0-34| > 34]]
+|-id=key-0-33
+|33
+|Petioles sessile-glandular; bracteole margins usually sessile-glandular to short-stipitate-glandular, except stipitate-glandular in ser. Intricatae, ser. Pulcherrimae, or C. dodgei group (larger bracteoles only, or some ser. Lacrimatae), rarely ± eglandular
+|[[#key-0-40| > 40]]
+|-id=key-0-34
+|34
+|Leaf blades ± elliptic to narrowly obovate or ovate, lobes 0 or obscure, subcoriaceous, (shiny at maturity); pomes orange-red to red, sepals not elevated on collar.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Bracteatae|Crataegus ser. Bracteatae]]
+|-id=key-0-34
+|34
+|Leaf blades broadly elliptic to elliptic, ovate or deltate, broadly ovate to rhombic-elliptic or rhombic, lobes 0 or 1–5 (if lobes 0, not elliptic to narrowly obovate), if so, short to moderately deep, usually ± thin, (not particularly shiny at maturity); pomes yellow to red, sepals ± elevated on collar, sometimes sessile
+|[[#key-0-35| > 35]]
+|-id=key-0-35
+|35
+|Pomes with sepals sessile; se United States
+|[[#key-0-36| > 36]]
+|-id=key-0-35
+|35
+|Pomes with sepals ± elevated on collar; e or se United States
+|[[#key-0-37| > 37]]
+|-id=key-0-36
+|36
+|Leaf blades 3–5 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic or suborbicular, base rounded to broadly truncate, lobes 3 or 4 per side, distinct, veins 4 or 5 per side; inflorescence branches coarsely hairy.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Populneae|Crataegus ser. Populneae]]
+|-id=key-0-36
+|36
+|Leaf blades 2.5–4(–5) cm, ovate to obovate or rhombic-ovate, base ± cuneate, lobes 0 or 1–3 per side, obscure, veins 5 or 6(or 7) per side; inflorescence branches appressed-scabrous.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Apricae|Crataegus ser. Apricae]]
+|-id=key-0-37
+|37
+|Stamens 10; trunk bark fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates or corrugated; e United States to Missouri.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-37
+|37
+|Stamens 20; trunk bark often corrugated; Texas to Georgia.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae|Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae]]
+|-id=key-0-38
+|38
+|Inflorescence branches hairy.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-38
+|38
+|Inflorescence branches glabrous
+|[[#key-0-39| > 39]]
+|-id=key-0-39
+|39
+|Leaf blades 4–7 cm.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae|Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae]]
+|-id=key-0-39
+|39
+|Leaf blades 2–4 cm.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-40
+|40
+|Twigs ± strongly flexuous, rarely slightly flexuous; leaf blades 1–4(–5) cm; (ultimate branches ± conspicuously pendulous, except in dwarf forms less than 10 dm)
+|[[#key-0-41| > 41]]
+|-id=key-0-40
+|40
+|Twigs straight, only rarely flexuous; leaf blades 2–6(–10) cm; (ultimate branches not especially drooping)
+|[[#key-0-44| > 44]]
+|-id=key-0-41
+|41
+|Dwarf species usually 0.5–2 m; twigs ± strongly flexuous, ultimate branches not markedly pendulous.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae|Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae]]
+|-id=key-0-41
+|41
+|Larger species usually 2–7 m; twigs slightly to strongly flexuous, upper branches often ± pendulous
+|[[#key-0-42| > 42]]
+|-id=key-0-42
+|42
+|Leaf blades predominantly narrow, usually elliptic to oblong or narrowly obovate, sometimes obtrullate, ovate, or suborbicualte, usually widest toward tip, veins 1–5 per side (exiting mainly or wholly in apical part of blade), apices obtuse to acute; (upper branches conspicuously drooping).
+|[[Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae|Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae]]
+|-id=key-0-42
+|42
+|Leaf blades suborbiculate to broadly ovate or rhombic-elliptic, veins 1–3 per side in small-leaved forms (1–2 cm), usually 3–5 per side in larger-leaved forms, terminating along leaf length, apices acute to obtuse; (upper branches gently to conspicuously drooping)
+|[[#key-0-43| > 43]]
+|-id=key-0-43
+|43
+|Leaves, especially young, glabrous or scabrous adaxially; (upper branches often slightly drooping, at most slightly flexuous); bracteoles ± stipitate-glandular; stamens 10 or 20, anthers ivory, cream, or pink to purple or red.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Apricae|Crataegus ser. Apricae]]
+|-id=key-0-43
+|43
+|Leaves, especially young, ± glabrous or woolly-tomentose adaxially; (upper branches drooping, clearly flexuous); bracteoles sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular; stamens 20, anthers ivory or cream.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae|Crataegus ser. Lacrimatae]]
+|-id=key-0-44
+|44
+|Trunk bark smooth and exfoliating; pomes 4–6 mm diam
+|[[64a.Crataegus (sect. Crataegus) ser. Microcarpae|64a.Crataegus (sect. Crataegus) ser. Microcarpae]]
+|-id=key-0-44
+|44
+|Trunk bark rough, scaly, fibrous, checked into longitudinal plates, or corrugated; pomes 8–14(–20) mm diam
+|[[#key-0-45| > 45]]
+|-id=key-0-45
+|45
+|Leaves: lobes 0 or shallow, sinuate; inflorescences 1–5-flowered; sepals ± equal to petals.
+|[[64f.Crataegus ser. Parvifoliae|64f.Crataegus ser. Parvifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-45
+|45
+|Leaves: lobes 0 or distinctly lobed; inflorescences 3–15-flowered; sepals shorter than petals
+|[[#key-0-46| > 46]]
+|-id=key-0-46
+|46
+|Stamens (10–)20; pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or purple, strongly pruinose, flesh ± hard.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pruinosae|Crataegus ser. Pruinosae]]
+|-id=key-0-46
+|46
+|Stamens 10 or 20; pomes reddish or yellowish, seldom strongly pruinose, flesh ± hard to mealy
+|[[#key-0-47| > 47]]
+|-id=key-0-47
+|47
+|Stamens 13–18, anthers purple.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-47
+|47
+|Stamens 5–10 or ca. 20, anthers white to cream or pale pink to pink-purple or red
+|[[#key-0-48| > 48]]
+|-id=key-0-48
+|48
+|Fruiting sepals elevated on short but distinct collar; glands of at least larger bracteoles clearly stipitate
+|[[#key-0-49| > 49]]
+|-id=key-0-48
+|48
+|Fruiting sepals sessile; glands of bracteoles sessile or stipitate
+|[[#key-0-52| > 52]]
+|-id=key-0-49
+|49
+|Stamens 10.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-49
+|49
+|Stamens 20
+|[[#key-0-50| > 50]]
+|-id=key-0-50
+|50
+|Inflorescence branches hairy; leaves 4–9 cm (rarely glabrous to sparsely hairy; if so, leaves 3–4 cm and anthers rose).
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-50
+|50
+|Inflorescence branches glabrous; leaves 4–9 cm (if 3–4 cm, anthers white to cream)
+|[[#key-0-51| > 51]]
+|-id=key-0-51
+|51
+|Fruiting sepals elevated on distinct collar; glands on all bracteoles stipitate; se United States.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae|Crataegus ser. Pulcherrimae]]
+|-id=key-0-51
+|51
+|Fruiting sepals elevated on short collar; glands only on larger, lower bracteoles stipitate; midwestern United States and adjacent Canada.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-52
+|52
+|Anthers white to cream, rarely palest pink; bracteoles sessile- or stipitate-glandular
+|[[#key-0-53| > 53]]
+|-id=key-0-52
+|52
+|Anthers pale pink or pink to red or purple; bracteoles sessile- or very short-stipitate-glandular
+|[[#key-0-56| > 56]]
+|-id=key-0-53
+|53
+|Bracteoles sessile- or very short-stipitate-glandular; stamens 10 or 20; inflorescence branches glabrous or hairy
+|[[#key-0-54| > 54]]
+|-id=key-0-53
+|53
+|At least larger bracteoles stipitate-glandular; stamens 10; inflorescence branches glabrous
+|[[#key-0-55| > 55]]
+|-id=key-0-54
+|54
+|Young leaves: adaxial surfaces glabrous; stamens 10; Delaware.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Populneae|Crataegus ser. Populneae]]
+|-id=key-0-54
+|54
+|Young leaves: adaxial surfaces ± scabrous-hairy; stamens 10 or 20; n United States, s Canada.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-55
+|55
+|Shrubs or trees, 4–6 m; all bracteoles stipitate-glandular; Ozarks, possible for se United States.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-55
+|55
+|Shrubs, 2–4 m; larger bracteoles stipitate-glandular; ne United States, adjacent Canada.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-56
+|56
+|Sepals glandular-denticulate; stamens 10; narrower pyrenes often concave-sided; pomes bright red in late August, becoming deep red at maturity; s Alberta, Saskatchewan.
+|[[Crataegus (sect. unassigned) ser. Montaninsulae|Crataegus (sect. unassigned) ser. Montaninsulae]]
+|-id=key-0-56
+|56
+|Sepals usually glandular-serrate; stamens 10 or 20; all pyrenes plane-sided; pomes orange to vermillion or bright red, green, or dull red, becoming bright or deep red or burgundy at maturity; n, ne United States, s Canada
+|[[#key-0-57| > 57]]
+|-id=key-0-57
+|57
+|Anthers very pale pink or pale cream-pink; inflorescence branches glabrous
+|[[#key-0-58| > 58]]
+|-id=key-0-57
+|57
+|Anthers pink to pink-purple or red; inflorescence branches glabrous or hairy
+|[[#key-0-59| > 59]]
+|-id=key-0-58
+|58
+|Anthers pale cream-pink; stamens 10; mature fruit orange to orange-brown or orange-red; Ozarks, possible for se United States.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Intricatae|Crataegus ser. Intricatae]]
+|-id=key-0-58
+|58
+|Anthers very pale pink; stamens 20; mature fruit burgundy; British Columbia.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-59
+|59
+|Inflorescence branches glabrous.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Populneae|Crataegus ser. Populneae]]
+|-id=key-0-59
+|59
+|Inflorescence branches hairy
+|[[#key-0-60| > 60]]
+|-id=key-0-60
+|60
+|Shrubs 4–10 m; leaves 5–9 cm; lobes usually shallow, but if deeper, broad; flowers 16–22 mm diam.; fruits 10–14 mm; Great Lakes to New England s in Appalachians to North Carolina.
+|[[64f.Crataegus ser. Coccineae|64f.Crataegus ser. Coccineae]]
+|-id=key-0-60
+|60
+|Shrubs 3–5 m; leaves 3–7 cm; lobes moderately deep, acute; flowers 13–17 mm diam.; fruits 8–10 mm; se Canada, ne United States
+|[[#key-0-61| > 61]]
+|-id=key-0-61
+|61
+|Leaf blades usually thin, often glossy, apices acute, lobe apices acuminate; inflorescence branches villous; sepal margins usually glandular-serrate, rarely nearly entire and eglandular; styles 3–5; pomes ellipsoid.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae|Crataegus ser. Tenuifoliae]]
+|-id=key-0-61
+|61
+|Leaf blades thin to chartaceous, matte, apices and lobe apices acute to subacute; inflorescence branches densely pubescent or villous; sepal margins glandular-serrate; styles 3 or 4(or 5); pomes suborbicular.
+|[[Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae|Crataegus ser. Rotundifoliae]]
 |}
 </div></div><!--
@@ Line 142: / Line 529: @@
 -->{{#Taxon:
 name=Crataegus sect. Coccineae
-|author=
+|authority=Loudon
-|authority=(Sargent) Rehder
 |rank=section
 |parent rank=genus
-|synonyms=Crataegus sect. Molles
+|synonyms=
-|basionyms=Molles
+|basionyms=
 |family=Rosaceae
 |distribution=North America;Mexico;introduced in Europe.
-|reference=phipps2012a
+|reference=phipps2006b
-|publication title=Man. Cult. Trees ed.
+|publication title=Arbor. Frutic. Brit.
-|publication year=1940
+|publication year=1838
-|special status=Endemic
+|special status=
-|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_931.xml
+|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_890.xml
 |subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
 |tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae