familyRanunculaceae
genusDelphinium
subsectionDelphinium subsect. Grumosa
speciesDelphinium gracilentum
Difference between revisions of "Delphinium gracilentum"
Pittonia 3: 15. 1896.
Common names: Greene's larkspur
Endemic
Synonyms: Delphinium patens subsp. greenei (Eastwood) Ewan Delphinium pratense Eastwood
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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|name=Delphinium patens subsp. greenei | |name=Delphinium patens subsp. greenei | ||
|authority=(Eastwood) Ewan | |authority=(Eastwood) Ewan | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=subspecies |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Delphinium pratense | |name=Delphinium pratense | ||
|authority=Eastwood | |authority=Eastwood | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Delphinium;Delphinium sect. Diedropetala;Delphinium subsect. Grumosa;Delphinium gracilentum | |hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Delphinium;Delphinium sect. Diedropetala;Delphinium subsect. Grumosa;Delphinium gracilentum | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>(15-)30-50(-80) cm; base reddish, nearly glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; basal leaves 0-3 at anthesis; cauline leaves 2-5 at anthesis; petiole 3-15 cm. <b>Leaf</b> blade round to pentagonal, 1.5-4 × 3-7 cm, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 3-7, distinctly wedge-shaped, usually 5 or fewer extending 3/5 distance to petiole, width 5-20 mm (basal), 1-15 mm (cauline), widest in distal 1/2. <b>Inflorescences</b> 5-20(-38)-flowered; pedicel spreading from rachis at nearly 90°, 1-3(-4) cm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; bracteoles (7-)11-19 mm from flowers, blue or green, linear, 2-5 mm, puberulent to glabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals dark bluish purple to pink or white, usually retaining color upon drying, glabrous, lateral sepals reflexed, 6-10(-13) × 3-6 mm, spurs often curved upward, within 30° above or below horizontal, 8-12(-14) mm; lower petal blades elevated, exposing stamens, 3-5 mm, clefts 1-3 mm; hairs almost exclusively near base of cleft, centered or mostly on inner lobes, usually yellow. <b>Fruits</b> 8-16 mm, 3-3.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to glandular-puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> unwinged; seed coats ± pitted, cell surfaces roughened.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
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|elevation=150-2700 m | |elevation=150-2700 m | ||
|distribution=Calif. | |distribution=Calif. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p>Delphinium gracilentum hybridizes with D. patens subsp. patens in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills and is very similar to that species, making hybrids difficult to discern. While D. gracilentum and D. patens are easily distinguished in most of their ranges, morphologic distinctions between the two taxa are blurred in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills region, particularly in Butte County, California. Coniferous woods are preferred by D. gracilentum; D. patens subspp. patens and hepaticoideum are more often found in broadleaf woods. The former species has more widely spreading pedicels than the latter, and D. gracilentum usually has wider leaf lobes than D. patens subsp. patens. In the southern Sierra Nevada, D. gracilentum may come in contact with D. patens subsp. montanum. Though hybrids are not common, some gene flow has apparently occurred.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Delphinium gracilentum</i> hybridizes with <i>D. patens </i>subsp.<i> patens</i> in the northern Sierra <i>Nevada</i> foothills and is very similar to that species, making hybrids difficult to discern. While <i>D. gracilentum</i> and <i>D. patens</i> are easily distinguished in most of their ranges, morphologic distinctions between the two taxa are blurred in the northern Sierra <i>Nevada</i> foothills region, particularly in Butte County, California. Coniferous woods are preferred by <i>D. gracilentum</i>; <i>D. patens</i> subspp. patens and hepaticoideum are more often found in broadleaf woods. The former species has more widely spreading pedicels than the latter, and <i>D. gracilentum</i> usually has wider leaf lobes than <i>D. patens </i>subsp.<i> patens</i>. In the southern Sierra <i>Nevada</i>, <i>D. gracilentum</i> may come in contact with <i>D. patens </i>subsp.<i> montanum</i>. Though hybrids are not common, some gene flow has apparently occurred.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Sepal color phases are not stable and considerable variation occurs within populations. The type specimen of Delphinium gracilentum represents the northern, lower elevation, nonglandular, dark-flowered phase. The type specimen of D. gracilentum forma versicolor Ewan differs only by its pink or white flowers. A limited range of intermediate colors occurs, and populations may be made up of plants of a single color or several different colors. The type specimen of D. greenei Eastwood represents the southern, higher elevation, glandular (at least on pedicels) expression. The type specimen includes representatives of dark- and light-flowered individuals of this phase. The type specimen of D. gracilentum forma versicolor (not seen by the author) is the "albino" phase referred to by Greene in his description of D. gracilentum. Several of the paratypes cited by Ewan have been seen, as have a number of individuals in natural populations.</p><!-- | + | --><p>Sepal color phases are not stable and considerable variation occurs within populations. The type specimen of <i>Delphinium gracilentum</i> represents the northern, lower elevation, nonglandular, dark-flowered phase. The type specimen of <i>D. gracilentum</i> forma versicolor Ewan differs only by its pink or white flowers. A limited range of intermediate colors occurs, and populations may be made up of plants of a single color or several different colors. The type specimen of <i>D. greenei</i> Eastwood represents the southern, higher elevation, glandular (at least on pedicels) expression. The type specimen includes representatives of dark- and light-flowered individuals of this phase. The type specimen of <i>D. gracilentum</i> forma versicolor (not seen by the author) is the "albino" phase referred to by Greene in his description of <i>D. gracilentum</i>. Several of the paratypes cited by Ewan have been seen, as have a number of individuals in natural populations.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Delphinium gracilentum has been confused with D. patens or D. nuttallianum. Delphinium gracilentum may be distinguished from D. nuttallianum by its wider leaf lobes, smaller fruits, and more elongate inflorescences, and from D. patens by its wider leaf lobes, more open inflorescences, and usually shorter fruits.</p> | + | --><p><i>Delphinium gracilentum</i> has been confused with <i>D. patens</i> or <i>D. nuttallianum</i>. <i>Delphinium gracilentum</i> may be distinguished from <i>D. nuttallianum</i> by its wider leaf lobes, smaller fruits, and more elongate inflorescences, and from <i>D. patens</i> by its wider leaf lobes, more open inflorescences, and usually shorter fruits.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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name=Delphinium gracilentum | name=Delphinium gracilentum | ||
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|authority=Greene | |authority=Greene | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|publication year=1896 | |publication year=1896 | ||
|special status=Endemic | |special status=Endemic | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_17.xml |
|genus=Delphinium | |genus=Delphinium | ||
|section=Delphinium sect. Diedropetala | |section=Delphinium sect. Diedropetala | ||
|subsection=Delphinium subsect. Grumosa | |subsection=Delphinium subsect. Grumosa | ||
|species=Delphinium gracilentum | |species=Delphinium gracilentum | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:46, 5 November 2020
Stems (15-)30-50(-80) cm; base reddish, nearly glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; basal leaves 0-3 at anthesis; cauline leaves 2-5 at anthesis; petiole 3-15 cm. Leaf blade round to pentagonal, 1.5-4 × 3-7 cm, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 3-7, distinctly wedge-shaped, usually 5 or fewer extending 3/5 distance to petiole, width 5-20 mm (basal), 1-15 mm (cauline), widest in distal 1/2. Inflorescences 5-20(-38)-flowered; pedicel spreading from rachis at nearly 90°, 1-3(-4) cm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; bracteoles (7-)11-19 mm from flowers, blue or green, linear, 2-5 mm, puberulent to glabrous. Flowers: sepals dark bluish purple to pink or white, usually retaining color upon drying, glabrous, lateral sepals reflexed, 6-10(-13) × 3-6 mm, spurs often curved upward, within 30° above or below horizontal, 8-12(-14) mm; lower petal blades elevated, exposing stamens, 3-5 mm, clefts 1-3 mm; hairs almost exclusively near base of cleft, centered or mostly on inner lobes, usually yellow. Fruits 8-16 mm, 3-3.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to glandular-puberulent. Seeds unwinged; seed coats ± pitted, cell surfaces roughened.
Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat: Open coniferous forest
Elevation: 150-2700 m
Discussion
Delphinium gracilentum hybridizes with D. patens subsp. patens in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills and is very similar to that species, making hybrids difficult to discern. While D. gracilentum and D. patens are easily distinguished in most of their ranges, morphologic distinctions between the two taxa are blurred in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills region, particularly in Butte County, California. Coniferous woods are preferred by D. gracilentum; D. patens subspp. patens and hepaticoideum are more often found in broadleaf woods. The former species has more widely spreading pedicels than the latter, and D. gracilentum usually has wider leaf lobes than D. patens subsp. patens. In the southern Sierra Nevada, D. gracilentum may come in contact with D. patens subsp. montanum. Though hybrids are not common, some gene flow has apparently occurred.
Sepal color phases are not stable and considerable variation occurs within populations. The type specimen of Delphinium gracilentum represents the northern, lower elevation, nonglandular, dark-flowered phase. The type specimen of D. gracilentum forma versicolor Ewan differs only by its pink or white flowers. A limited range of intermediate colors occurs, and populations may be made up of plants of a single color or several different colors. The type specimen of D. greenei Eastwood represents the southern, higher elevation, glandular (at least on pedicels) expression. The type specimen includes representatives of dark- and light-flowered individuals of this phase. The type specimen of D. gracilentum forma versicolor (not seen by the author) is the "albino" phase referred to by Greene in his description of D. gracilentum. Several of the paratypes cited by Ewan have been seen, as have a number of individuals in natural populations.
Delphinium gracilentum has been confused with D. patens or D. nuttallianum. Delphinium gracilentum may be distinguished from D. nuttallianum by its wider leaf lobes, smaller fruits, and more elongate inflorescences, and from D. patens by its wider leaf lobes, more open inflorescences, and usually shorter fruits.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.