View source for Erythranthe microphylla

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Erythranthe microphylla
|accepted_authority=(Bentham) G. L. Nesom
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Phytoneuron
|place=2012-39: 44. 2012
|year=2012
}}
|common_names=Bentham’s monkeyflower
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Mimulus microphyllus
|authority=Bentham
|rank=species
|publication_title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication_place=10: 371. 1846
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. glareosus
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. guttatus var. depauperatus
|authority=(A. Gray) A. L. Grant
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. guttatus var. insignis
|authority=Greene
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. guttatus var. microphyllus
|authority=(Bentham) Pennell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. guttatus var. platycalyx
|authority=(Pennell) D. W. Taylor
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. langsdorffii var. insignis
|authority=(Greene) Greene
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. langsdorffii var. microphyllus
|authority=(Bentham) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. luteus var. depauperatus
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. nasutus var. insignis
|authority=(Greene) A. L. Grant
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=M. platycalyx
|authority=Pennell
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Phrymaceae;Erythranthe;Erythranthe microphylla
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phrymaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Erythranthe]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Erythranthe microphylla]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 375, 376, 414, 416, 419
|treatment_page=page 415
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> fibrous-rooted. <b>Stems</b> erect, simple, sometimes many-branched from basal cauline nodes, terete, sometimes distinctly 4-angled, (3–)5–30(–45) cm, glabrous below inflorescence, sometimes distals hirtellous, hairs commonly deflexed, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular, sometimes only short villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, basal sometimes absent at flowering; petiole: basal or proximals to medials 3–25(–35) mm, distals 0 mm (then blade subclasping to narrowly perfoliate); blade often purplish, palmately 3–5-veined, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, suborbicular, or depressed-ovate, (3–)10–35 × 3–25 mm, base rounded to truncate or subcordate, margins shallowly crenate to sharply crenate-serrate, teeth 5–10 per side, basal and proximal often irregularly incised near petiole and sublyrate, apex acute to obtuse-rounded, surfaces glabrous or sparsely to moderately hirtellous, eglandular. <b>Flowers</b> herkogamous, 1–8(–14), usually from distal nodes, chasmogamous. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels 8–30(–50) mm, distals hirtellous, hairs commonly deflexed, or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular, sometimes only short villous-glandular, hairs gland-tipped. <b>Fruiting</b> calyces nodding 30–90º, sometimes red-tinged or -dotted, ovoid-campanulate to broadly cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7–)9–16(–20) mm, minutely hirtellous, hairs sometimes reduced to basal cells, or glabrous, throat strongly to weakly closing. <b>Corollas</b> yellow to golden yellow or orangish yellow, usually red-spotted, abaxial limb sometimes with a large red splotch, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, (6–)8–16(–20) mm, exserted (1–)2–6(–8) mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–25 mm, palate villous. <b>Styles</b> sparsely hirtellous. <b>Anthers</b> included, glabrous. <b>Capsules</b> included, 6–9(–11) mm. <b>2n</b> = 28, 56.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jul.
|habitat=Rock depressions, rocky ridges, cliff faces, roadcuts, wet meadows, seeps, stream banks, drying ponds, ephemeral stream channels, vernal springs over serpentine, roadsides and roadside ditches, dry banks, lava soils, loam, clay, gravel, yellow pine, oak-pine, mixed oak woodlands, oak-chaparral.
|elevation=20–1700(–2600) m.
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p><i>Erythranthe microphylla</i> is characterized by its annual duration (fibrous-rooted), usually simple stems, relatively widely spaced leaves, glabrous or hirtellous vestiture, open corollas, and calyces closing at the throat. Even in the smallest corollas, the stigma is positioned above the adaxial anther pair, indicating that all are primarily allogamous. Some plants have basal and proximal cauline leaves with exaggeratedly and irregularly toothed-incised margins (especially in Lake and Napa counties, California, as in the types of <i>Mimulus</i> glareosus and M. guttatus var. insignis, respectively), but a similar tendency can be seen over most of the geographic range. Plants of <i>E. microphylla</i> vary greatly in height, leaf size, and flower size (the larger flowers approaching the size of those in <i>E. grandis</i> and <i>E. decora</i>), yet all seem to be within the expression of a single species.</p><!--
--><p>An inversion sequence of chromosome 8 (the DIV1 region) is perfectly correlated with the life history features of at least four species of sect. Simiolus (D. B. Lowry and J. H. Willis 2010). One sequence occurs in <i>Erythranthe guttata</i> and <i>E. grandis</i>, which are perennial and rhizomatous, occur in habitats with year-round moisture, and flower relatively late in the season, while the opposite sequence occurs in <i>E. nasuta</i> and <i>E. microphylla</i>, which are annual and slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, occur in quickly drying habitats, and flower in early season. The inversion, with its tightly linked, locally adaptive alleles, contributes to isolating mechanisms between species with contrasting sequences and preserves the constellation of features that makes each a recognizable entity.</p><!--
--><p>Hybridization and apparent introgression occur among <i>Erythranthe guttata</i>, <i>E. microphylla</i>, and <i>E. nasuta</i>, yet each remains distinct in duration, perennating morphology, and habit. <i>Erythranthe arvensis</i> (annual) also is a member of this gene-sharing group. A whole-genome analysis by A. D. Twyford and J. Friedman (2015) showed that populations of <i>E. guttata</i> and <i>E. microphylla</i> cluster together within each of several geographically delimited regions; they interpreted their trees as showing phylogenetic relationships and concluded that <i>E. guttata</i> and <i>E. microphylla</i> are conspecific. Other evidence (G. L. Nesom 2014c, 2014d), particularly the DIV1 inversion sequence, indicates that <i>E. guttata</i> and <i>E. grandis</i> are most closely related to each other and were derived from an ancestor of annual duration. Thus, <i>E. microphylla</i> and <i>E. nasuta</i> are morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from <i>E. guttata</i>, despite extensive gene flow where they are sympatric with it.</p>
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|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Erythranthe microphylla
|authority=(Bentham) G. L. Nesom
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=M. glareosus;M. guttatus var. depauperatus;M. guttatus var. insignis;M. guttatus var. microphyllus;M. guttatus var. platycalyx;M. langsdorffii var. insignis;M. langsdorffii var. microphyllus;M. luteus var. depauperatus;M. nasutus var. insignis;M. platycalyx
|basionyms=Mimulus microphyllus
|family=Phrymaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jul.
|habitat=Rock depressions, rocky ridges, cliff faces, roadcuts, wet meadows, seeps, stream banks, drying ponds, ephemeral stream channels, vernal springs over serpentine, roadsides and roadside ditches, dry banks, lava soils, loam, clay, gravel, yellow pine, oak-pine, mixed oak woodlands, oak-chaparral.
|elevation=20–1700(–2600) m.
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=Phytoneuron
|publication year=2012
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_1342.xml
|genus=Erythranthe
|species=Erythranthe microphylla
}}<!--

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