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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant duration;plant size;plant habitat"><b>Plants </b>perennial, mostly small, on rock or commonly epiphytic [rarely terrestrial].</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem length or size;stem architecture;stem architecture;stem architecture;bearing orientation;bearing orientation;bearing architecture;scale orientation;scale orientation;scale architecture"><b>Stems </b>long to short-creeping or suberect, usually unbranched, bearing scales [rarely scales absent], solenostelic (having phloem on both sides of xylem) to dictyostelic (having complex nets of xylem).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf orientation;leaf architecture;leaf some measurement;leaf pubescence"><b>Leaves </b>erect, arching, or pendent, monomorphic [rarely with specialized fertile areas], less than 50 cm [rarely longer], usually scaleless throughout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole coloration;petiole architecture;petiole shape;petiole diameter;petiole architecture;petiole architecture;strand count"><b>Petioles </b>often dark-colored and wiry, commonly terete, usually less than 2 mm diam., articulate or not articulate, with 1 or 2 vascular strands.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade architecture;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade architecture or shape;blade architecture or shape;blade shape;blade pubescence;blade pubescence"><b>Blades </b>simple and entire to commonly pinnatifid or 1-pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate or more divided, glabrous or commonly bearing hairs, especially on petioles and rachises;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="hair coloration;hair coloration;hair coloration;hair architecture;hair architecture;hair architecture">hairs tan to dark reddish-brown [or transparent], unicellular to multicellular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="rachis coloration;rachis architecture">rachises often dark-colored, not grooved adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="vein fusion"><b>Veins </b>free [to anastomosing in simple patterns];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="hydathode count;hydathode count;hydathode prominence;hydathode coloration">hydathodes present or absent, sometimes obscured by lime dots adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sorus position;sorus shape;sorus shape;sorus shape"><b>Sori </b>abaxial on veins, round to oblong [occasionally elongate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="paraphyse count;paraphyse count;paraphyse architecture or function or pubescence;paraphyse shape">paraphyses present or absent, these glandular or hairlike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="row count">sporangia with stalk of 1 row of cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="indusium count">indusia absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="spore coloration;spore shape;spore architecture;surface relief"><b>Spores </b>greenish, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, surface commonly papillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="gametophyte coloration;gemma architecture;gemma location;gemma shape"><b>Gametophytes </b>greenish, borne aboveground, ribbon-shaped, sometimes bearing multicellular gemmae.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, mostly small, on rock or commonly epiphytic [rarely terrestrial]. <b>Stems</b> long- to short-creeping or suberect, usually unbranched, bearing scales [rarely scales absent], solenostelic (having phloem on both sides of xylem) to dictyostelic (having complex nets of xylem). <b>Leaves</b> erect, arching, or pendent, monomorphic [rarely with specialized fertile areas], less than 50 cm [rarely longer], usually scaleless throughout. <b>Petioles</b> often dark-colored and wiry, commonly terete, usually less than 2 mm diam., articulate or not articulate, with 1 or 2 vascular strands. <b>Blades</b> simple and entire to commonly pinnatifid or 1-pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate or more divided, glabrous or commonly bearing hairs, especially on petioles and rachises; hairs tan to dark reddish brown [or transparent], unicellular to multicellular; rachises often dark-colored, not grooved adaxially. <b>Veins</b> free [to anastomosing in simple patterns]; hydathodes present or absent, sometimes obscured by lime dots adaxially. <b>Sori</b> abaxial on veins, round to oblong [occasionally elongate]; paraphyses present or absent, these glandular or hairlike; sporangia with stalk of 1 row of cells; indusia absent. <b>Spores</b> greenish, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, surface commonly papillate. <b>Gametophytes</b> greenish, borne aboveground, ribbon-shaped, sometimes bearing multicellular gemmae.</span><!-- |
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| | |family=Grammitidaceae | | |family=Grammitidaceae |
| | |illustrator=John Myers | | |illustrator=John Myers |
| | + | |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |
| | |distribution=Mostly tropical and subtropical;North America;ca. 250 in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America. | | |distribution=Mostly tropical and subtropical;North America;ca. 250 in Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America. |
| | |reference=None | | |reference=None |
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| | |publication year= | | |publication year= |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_753.xml | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_753.xml |
| − | |bearing architecture=unbranched
| |
| − | |bearing orientation=suberect;short-creeping
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| − | |blade architecture=simple
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| − | |blade architecture or shape=2-pinnate;1-pinnate
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| − | |blade pubescence=commonly;glabrous
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| − | |blade shape=divided;entire;commonly pinnatifid
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| − | |gametophyte coloration=greenish
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| − | |gemma architecture=multicellular
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| − | |gemma location=aboveground
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| − | |gemma shape=ribbon-shaped
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| − | |hair architecture=unicellular;multicellular
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| − | |hair coloration=tan;dark reddish-brown
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| − | |hydathode coloration=lime dots
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| − | |hydathode count=absent;present
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| − | |hydathode prominence=obscured
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| − | |indusium count=absent
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| − | |leaf architecture=monomorphic
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| − | |leaf orientation=pendent;arching;pendent;arching;erect
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| − | |leaf pubescence=scaleless
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| − | |leaf some measurement=0cm;50cm
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| − | |paraphyse architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
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| − | |paraphyse count=absent;present
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| − | |paraphyse shape=hairlike
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| − | |petiole architecture=not articulate;articulate;wiry
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| − | |petiole coloration=dark-colored
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| − | |petiole diameter=0mm;2mm
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| − | |petiole shape=terete
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| − | |plant duration=perennial
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| − | |plant habitat=epiphytic
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| − | |plant size=small
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| − | |rachis architecture=grooved
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| − | |rachis coloration=dark-colored
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| − | |row count=1
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| − | |scale architecture=unbranched
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| − | |scale orientation=suberect;short-creeping
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| − | |sorus position=abaxial
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| − | |sorus shape=round;oblong
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| − | |spore architecture=trilete
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| − | |spore coloration=greenish
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| − | |spore shape=tetrahedral-globose
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| − | |stem architecture=solenostelic;dictyostelic
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| − | |stem length or size=long
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| − | |strand count=1
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| − | |surface relief=papillate
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| − | |vein fusion=free
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Plants perennial, mostly small, on rock or commonly epiphytic [rarely terrestrial]. Stems long- to short-creeping or suberect, usually unbranched, bearing scales [rarely scales absent], solenostelic (having phloem on both sides of xylem) to dictyostelic (having complex nets of xylem). Leaves erect, arching, or pendent, monomorphic [rarely with specialized fertile areas], less than 50 cm [rarely longer], usually scaleless throughout. Petioles often dark-colored and wiry, commonly terete, usually less than 2 mm diam., articulate or not articulate, with 1 or 2 vascular strands. Blades simple and entire to commonly pinnatifid or 1-pinnate, rarely 2-pinnate or more divided, glabrous or commonly bearing hairs, especially on petioles and rachises; hairs tan to dark reddish brown [or transparent], unicellular to multicellular; rachises often dark-colored, not grooved adaxially. Veins free [to anastomosing in simple patterns]; hydathodes present or absent, sometimes obscured by lime dots adaxially. Sori abaxial on veins, round to oblong [occasionally elongate]; paraphyses present or absent, these glandular or hairlike; sporangia with stalk of 1 row of cells; indusia absent. Spores greenish, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, surface commonly papillate. Gametophytes greenish, borne aboveground, ribbon-shaped, sometimes bearing multicellular gemmae.
Distribution
Mostly tropical and subtropical, North America, ca. 250 in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America.
Discussion
Circumscription of genera is unsettled and in some cases arbitrarily based on blade dissection. Generic limits need redefinition and are the subject of current study. The family description above encompasses the worldwide variation. Relationships of the family have generally been thought to be with the Polypodiaceae with which the family is sometimes combined, but that is open to question. Most species are epiphytic, and many occur in cloud forests at middle and high elevations.
Genera ca. 10 or more, species ca. 500 or more (1 genus, 1 species in the flora).
Selected References
None.
