View source for Mammillaria grahamii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mammillaria grahamii
|accepted_authority=Engelmann
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
|place=3: 262. 1856
|year=1856
}}
|common_names=Arizona fishhook cactus;Graham’s fishhook cactus;Graham’ s nipple cactus
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Mammillaria grahamii var. oliviae
|authority=(Orcutt) L. D. Benson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Mammillaria microcarpa
|authority=Britton & Rose
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Neomammillaria milleri
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Mammillaria;Mammillaria grahamii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mammillaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Mammillaria grahamii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 98, 247, 249, 251
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>branched or unbranched; branches 0–9(–17). <b>Roots</b> diffuse; upper portion not enlarged. <b>Stems</b> spheric to cylindric, usually (4–)5–16(–30) × (2.3–)3.5–6.8 cm, firm; tubercles 4.8–12(–15) × 3.5–7 mm; axils appearing naked; cortex and pith not mucilaginous; latex absent. <b>Spines</b> (19–)26–33(–38) per areole, glabrous; radial spines 17–35 per areole whitish or pale tan, bristlelike, 6–12 × 0.1–0.15 mm, stiff; central spines (2–)3–4 per areole, 1–3(–4) spines at least hooked (uncommonly 0 hooked), reddish to purplish brown to almost black (rarely golden brown), abaxial 1 porrect, others inconspicuous, appressed against radial spines, hookless porrect spines (3–)9.5–25 × 0.1–0.5 mm; subcentral spines 1–3 per areole, adaxial to central spines, sometimes transitional to central spines, usually straight and barely distinguishable from radial spines. <b>Flowers</b> ca. 2 × 1.8–3.5(–4.5) cm; outermost tepal margins minutely fringed; inner tepals bright rose-pink or rose-purple, 10–16 × 4–8 mm; stigma lobes yellow-green to green, 3–7 mm. <b>Fruits</b> green, turning bright red, scarlet, or carmine (rarely yellowish), elongating until clavate after color change to red is complete, 12–29 × 5–8 mm, juicy only in fruit walls; floral remnant persistent. <b>Seeds</b> black, 0.8–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm, pitted; testa hard, brittle; anticlinal cell walls straight; interstices conspicuously wider than pit diameters; pits bowl-shaped. <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Sep; fruiting Sep–Mar.
|habitat=Chihuahuan and Sonoran desert scrub, grasslands, interior chaparral, oak woodlands, alluvial slopes, hills, canyons, silty, sandy, gravelly, or rocky soils of igneous or calcareous origin
|elevation=80-1400 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Sonora).
|discussion=<p><i>Mammillaria grahamii</i> is geographically variable. Past attempts to distinguish larger or western individuals as M. microcarpa have proven arbitrary.</p><!--
--><p>All spine hooks on a plant may be oriented in the same direction, a trait sometimes mistakenly said to be limited to <i>Mammillaria mainiae</i>. Plants with short, straight central spines (rarely a mixture of both hooked and straight spines on the same stem) occur in some populations; they have been called M. oliviae or <i>M. grahamii</i> var. oliviae. The name <i>Mammillaria</i> microcarpa Engelmann has been widely used but was not validly published until after <i>M. grahamii</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mammillaria grahamii
|authority=Engelmann
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Mammillaria grahamii var. oliviae;Mammillaria microcarpa;Neomammillaria milleri
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Sep; fruiting Sep–Mar.
|habitat=Chihuahuan and Sonoran desert scrub, grasslands, interior chaparral, oak woodlands, alluvial slopes, hills, canyons, silty, sandy, gravelly, or rocky soils of igneous or calcareous origin
|elevation=80-1400 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Sonora).
|reference=None
|publication title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
|publication year=1856
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_460.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Mammillaria
|species=Mammillaria grahamii
}}<!--

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