Difference between revisions of "Myrica cerifera"
Sp. Pl. 2: 1024. 1753.
Common names: Southern bayberry southern wax-myrtle
Illustrated
Synonyms: Cerophora lanceolata Rafinesque Cerothamnus arborescens (Castiglioni) Tidestrom Cerothamnus ceriferus (Linnaeus) Small Cerothamnus pumilus (Michaux) Small Morella cerifera (Linnaeus) Small Myrica cerifera var. angustifolia Aiton Myrica cerifera var. arborescens Castiglioni Myrica cerifera var. dubia A. Chevalier Myrica cerifera var. pumila Michaux Myrica pumila Myrica pusilla
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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|common_names=Southern bayberry;southern wax-myrtle | |common_names=Southern bayberry;southern wax-myrtle | ||
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=W1 | ||
| + | |label= | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
|code=F | |code=F | ||
| − | |label= | + | |label=Illustrated |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
| − | |name= | + | |name=Cerophora lanceolata |
|authority=Rafinesque | |authority=Rafinesque | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Cerothamnus arborescens | ||
|authority=(Castiglioni) Tidestrom | |authority=(Castiglioni) Tidestrom | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Cerothamnus ceriferus | ||
|authority=(Linnaeus) Small | |authority=(Linnaeus) Small | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Cerothamnus pumilus | ||
|authority=(Michaux) Small | |authority=(Michaux) Small | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Morella cerifera | ||
|authority=(Linnaeus) Small | |authority=(Linnaeus) Small | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Myrica cerifera var. angustifolia | ||
|authority=Aiton | |authority=Aiton | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Myrica cerifera var. arborescens | ||
|authority=Castiglioni | |authority=Castiglioni | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Myrica cerifera var. dubia | ||
|authority=A. Chevalier | |authority=A. Chevalier | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Myrica cerifera var. pumila | ||
|authority=Michaux | |authority=Michaux | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| − | |authority= | + | |name=Myrica pumila |
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |authority= |
| − | |name= | + | |rank=species |
| − | |authority= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Myrica pusilla | ||
| + | |authority= | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Myricaceae;Myrica;Myrica cerifera | |hierarchy=Myricaceae;Myrica;Myrica cerifera | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, evergreen, often forming large, rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 14 m. <b>Branchlets</b> reddish brown, densely gland-dotted when young, otherwise glabrous to densely pilose, eventually glabrate; glands yellow. <b>Leaf</b> blade aromatic when crushed, linear-oblanceolate to obovate, (1.1-)2-10.5(-13.3) × 0.4-3.3 cm, leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or coarsely serrate beyond middle, apex acute to slightly rounded; surfaces abaxially pale yellow-green, glabrous except for pilose midrib, adaxially dark green, glabrous to pilose, both surfaces densely glandular; glands yellow to orange. <b>Inflorescences</b>: staminate 0.4-1.9 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.5 cm. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, densely ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; stamens mostly 3-4. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; ovary glandular, especially at apex near style base. <b>Fruits</b> globose-ellipsoid, 2-3.5(-4) mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular when young, obscured by enlarged protuberances and thick coat of blue-white wax.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
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|habitat=Bogs, edges of marshes, ponds, creeks, and swamps, pine forests, mixed deciduous forests, pine barrens, coastal sand dunes, open fields, sandy hillsides | |habitat=Bogs, edges of marshes, ponds, creeks, and swamps, pine forests, mixed deciduous forests, pine barrens, coastal sand dunes, open fields, sandy hillsides | ||
|elevation=0-450 m | |elevation=0-450 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America | + | |distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America. |
| − | |discussion=<p>Myrica cerifera is an extremely variable species with respect to habitat and corresponding habit/vegetative morphology. In general, plants that occupy dry, sandy (more xeric) areas tend to be strongly rhizomatous, colonial, and smaller in stature, and to possess smaller leaves (commonly recognized as M. cerifera var. pumila). In contrast, plants of more mesic areas are seldom rhizomatous, not colonial, and often large and treelike, and they have larger leaves. These "extremes pass insensibly into each other" (J. W. Thieret 1966). I agree with Thieret's contention that these differences do not constitute reliable criteria upon which one should base taxonomic distinctions. Until it can be determined with certainty whether these differences are due to genetics or environment, the question will remain open. I have chosen the conservative route.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Myrica cerifera</i> is an extremely variable species with respect to habitat and corresponding habit/vegetative morphology. In general, plants that occupy dry, sandy (more xeric) areas tend to be strongly rhizomatous, colonial, and smaller in stature, and to possess smaller leaves (commonly recognized as <i>M. cerifera</i> <i></i>var.<i> pumila</i>). In contrast, plants of more mesic areas are seldom rhizomatous, not colonial, and often large and treelike, and they have larger leaves. These "extremes pass insensibly into each other" (J. W. Thieret 1966). I agree with Thieret's contention that these differences do not constitute reliable criteria upon which one should base taxonomic distinctions. Until it can be determined with certainty whether these differences are due to genetics or environment, the question will remain open. I have chosen the conservative route.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Myrica cerifera has often been confused with M. pensylvanica and with M. heterophylla. It is distinguished from M. pensylvanica on the basis of gland density on the leaves, the presence of glands versus hirsute pubescence on the fruit wall and protuberances (especially visible on young fruits), and less reliably on the size of the fruit (2-3.5 versus 3.5-5.5 mm). Myrica cerifera is distinguished from M. heterophylla by the density of the glands on the leaves and the glandular versus glabrous (usually) fruit wall.</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Myrica cerifera</i> has often been confused with <i>M. pensylvanica</i> and with <i>M. heterophylla</i>. It is distinguished from <i>M. pensylvanica</i> on the basis of gland density on the leaves, the presence of glands versus hirsute pubescence on the fruit wall and protuberances (especially visible on young fruits), and less reliably on the size of the fruit (2-3.5 versus 3.5-5.5 mm). <i>Myrica cerifera</i> is distinguished from <i>M. heterophylla</i> by the density of the glands on the leaves and the glandular versus glabrous (usually) fruit wall.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Native Americans used a decoction of the leaves and stems of Myrica cerifera to treat fevers; and roots, to treat inflamed tonsils and stomachaches, and as a stimulant (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | + | --><p>Native Americans used a decoction of the leaves and stems of <i>Myrica cerifera</i> to treat fevers; and roots, to treat inflamed tonsils and stomachaches, and as a stimulant (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Myrica cerifera | name=Myrica cerifera | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
|parent rank=genus | |parent rank=genus | ||
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Cerophora lanceolata;Cerothamnus arborescens;Cerothamnus ceriferus;Cerothamnus pumilus;Morella cerifera;Myrica cerifera var. angustifolia;Myrica cerifera var. arborescens;Myrica cerifera var. dubia;Myrica cerifera var. pumila;Myrica pumila;Myrica pusilla |
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Myricaceae | |family=Myricaceae | ||
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|habitat=Bogs, edges of marshes, ponds, creeks, and swamps, pine forests, mixed deciduous forests, pine barrens, coastal sand dunes, open fields, sandy hillsides | |habitat=Bogs, edges of marshes, ponds, creeks, and swamps, pine forests, mixed deciduous forests, pine barrens, coastal sand dunes, open fields, sandy hillsides | ||
|elevation=0-450 m | |elevation=0-450 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America | + | |distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America. |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1753 | |publication year=1753 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=W1;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1131.xml |
|genus=Myrica | |genus=Myrica | ||
|species=Myrica cerifera | |species=Myrica cerifera | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Myrica]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Myrica]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:46, 5 November 2020
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, often forming large, rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 14 m. Branchlets reddish brown, densely gland-dotted when young, otherwise glabrous to densely pilose, eventually glabrate; glands yellow. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, linear-oblanceolate to obovate, (1.1-)2-10.5(-13.3) × 0.4-3.3 cm, leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or coarsely serrate beyond middle, apex acute to slightly rounded; surfaces abaxially pale yellow-green, glabrous except for pilose midrib, adaxially dark green, glabrous to pilose, both surfaces densely glandular; glands yellow to orange. Inflorescences: staminate 0.4-1.9 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.5 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, densely ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; stamens mostly 3-4. Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, margins ciliate, abaxially densely gland-dotted; ovary glandular, especially at apex near style base. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 2-3.5(-4) mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular when young, obscured by enlarged protuberances and thick coat of blue-white wax.
Phenology: Flowering mid winter–spring, fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat: Bogs, edges of marshes, ponds, creeks, and swamps, pine forests, mixed deciduous forests, pine barrens, coastal sand dunes, open fields, sandy hillsides
Elevation: 0-450 m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.J., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tex., Va., Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America.
Discussion
Myrica cerifera is an extremely variable species with respect to habitat and corresponding habit/vegetative morphology. In general, plants that occupy dry, sandy (more xeric) areas tend to be strongly rhizomatous, colonial, and smaller in stature, and to possess smaller leaves (commonly recognized as M. cerifera var. pumila). In contrast, plants of more mesic areas are seldom rhizomatous, not colonial, and often large and treelike, and they have larger leaves. These "extremes pass insensibly into each other" (J. W. Thieret 1966). I agree with Thieret's contention that these differences do not constitute reliable criteria upon which one should base taxonomic distinctions. Until it can be determined with certainty whether these differences are due to genetics or environment, the question will remain open. I have chosen the conservative route.
Myrica cerifera has often been confused with M. pensylvanica and with M. heterophylla. It is distinguished from M. pensylvanica on the basis of gland density on the leaves, the presence of glands versus hirsute pubescence on the fruit wall and protuberances (especially visible on young fruits), and less reliably on the size of the fruit (2-3.5 versus 3.5-5.5 mm). Myrica cerifera is distinguished from M. heterophylla by the density of the glands on the leaves and the glandular versus glabrous (usually) fruit wall.
Native Americans used a decoction of the leaves and stems of Myrica cerifera to treat fevers; and roots, to treat inflamed tonsils and stomachaches, and as a stimulant (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.