View source for Secale

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Secale
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Triticeae;Secale
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Triticeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Secale]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 259
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, biennial, or short-lived perennials; cespitose when perennial. <b>Culms</b> 25-120(300) cm. <b>Sheaths</b> open; auricles usually present, 0.5-1 mm; ligules membranous, truncate, often lacerate; blades flat or involute. <b>Inflorescences</b> laterally compressed, distichous spikes; middle internodes 2-4 mm, with 1 spikelet per node, spikelets strongly ascending; disarticulation in the rachises, below the spikelets, rachises not or tardily disarticulating in cultivated strains. <b>Spikelets</b> 10-18 mm, with 2(3) florets; florets bisexual. <b>Glumes</b> 8-20 mm, shorter than the adjacent lemmas, linear to subulate, scabrous, margins hyaline, 1-veined, keeled, keels terminating in an awn, awns to 35 mm; lemmas 8-19 mm, strongly laterally compressed, strongly keeled, keels conspicuously scabrous distally, scabrules 0.6-1.3 mm, apices tapering to a scabrous awn, awns 2-50 mm; anthers 3, 2.3-12 mm, yellow, x = 7. <b>Haplome</b> R.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alaska;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;S.Dak.
|discussion=<p><i>Secale</i> is a genus of three species. All are native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia; two species have been collected in the Flora region. <i>Secale cereale</i> is cultivated as a crop and used along roadsides to prevent soil erosion, and is established in the Flora region. <i>Secale strictum</i> has been cultivated experimentally; it is not established in the Flora region.</p><!--
--><p>Unlike other cereal grasses such as <i>Triticum</i>, <i>Hordeum</i>, and <i>Avena</i>, species of <i>Secale</i> are outcrossing, although 5. sylvestre Host is reported to be self-compatible. All three species are diploids. Remains of cultivated rye dating to 6000 B.C. have been found in Turkey.</p><!--
--><p>xTriticosecale is an artificially derived hybrid between <i>Triticum</i> and <i>Secale</i> that is now widely cultivated (see p. 261).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=frederiksen1998a
|text=Frederiksen, S. and G. Petersen. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Secale L. (Triticeae, Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 18:399-420.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hitchcock1951a
|text=Hitchcock, A.S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S.D.A. Miscellaneous Publication No. 200. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annual or biennial; rachises not or tardily disarticulating; lemmas 14-18 mm long
|[[Secale cereale|Secale cereale]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial; rachises readily disarticulating; lemmas 8-16 mm long
|[[Secale strictum|Secale strictum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Secale
|author=Mary E. Barkworth;
|authority=L.
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Vt.;Fla.;Wyo.;N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;Alaska;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Mich.;Kans.;Miss.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;S.Dak.
|reference=frederiksen1998a;hitchcock1951a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/200273ad09963decb8fc72550212de541d86569d/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_371.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Triticeae
|genus=Secale
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Poaceae tribe Triticeae]]