1754. David M. Johnson Common names: Water-clover pepperwort Etymology: for Count Luigi Marsigli (1656–1730), Italian mycologist at Bologna Treatment appears
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rugose-punctate; embryo incompletely annular, perisperm copious. [No chromosome count available.] Calif., nw Mexico. Species 1. None. Aphanisma blitoides window
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followed here. Published chromosome counts exist for about half of the species in the flora area. Most Penstemon species counted are diploid (2n = 16); published
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density Pseudowhorl count Pseudowhorl fixation or orientation Pseudowhorl prominence S Scale-leaf Scale-leaf arrangement Scale-leaf count Sporophore Sporophore
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For Josephus Monninus (José Moñino y Redondo), eighteenth-century Spanish Count of Florida-Blanca, administrator, and patron of botany Treatment appears
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Lis Endemic Etymology: For Friedrich Benjamin Lütke (later russified to Count Fyodor Petrovich Litke), 1797 – 1882 Russian sea captain and Arctic explorer
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mm diam., sides smooth; girdle narrow, not protruding. 2n = 22, 44 (one count). Phenology: Flowering late spring (May–Jun). Habitat: Grasslands, oak-juniper-mesquite
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pubescence Abaxial and adaxial hair count Abaxial and adaxial hair pubescence Abaxial and lateral central spine atypical count Abaxial and lateral central spine
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Branch atypical count Branch atypical some measurement Branch coloration Branch coloration or pubescence or relief Branch count Branch count or density Branch
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architecture Adaxial scale arrangement or shape Adaxial scale count Adaxial scale count or density Adaxial scale duration Adaxial scale fixation Adaxial
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Branch atypical count Branch atypical some measurement Branch coloration Branch coloration or pubescence or relief Branch count Branch count or density Branch
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morphologically similar Madia exigua (2n = 32). Keck’s count contrasts with a subsequent meiotic count of 2n = 21–22 II for H. minima. Hemizonella was resolved
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3.5-5(5.5) mm. Lemmas 2.5-4 mm; awns 1-2(2.2) mm. 2n = 28(?) [chromosome count is unknown, but has been inferred]. Festuca brachyphylla subsp. breviculmis
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in interpretation and reporting of chromosome counts. No attempt has been made to include reported counts that could not reasonably be verified by the author
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n =ca.46–56, 104, 210. Most counts, however, are based on n =52 (reviewed in P.J. Brownsey and J.D. Lovis 1987). No count is available from North American
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virginiana have a narrow, dark core in the heartwood. The total species count for the genus is uncertain because new species are being described and the
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of the two species are similar. There was an earlier dubious chromosome count of x = 9. None. Batis maritima window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family"
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basally, hispidulous distally; anthers 3-5 mm. 2n = 60 [this chromosome count was obtained by Gerish (1979), who reported it for S. foliosa, but Spicher
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shape Calyx lobe atypical count Calyx lobe atypical quantity Calyx lobe coloration Calyx lobe coloration or density Calyx lobe count Calyx lobe duration Calyx
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vein architecture Central vein count Cross-vein Crossvein Crossvein course D Distal vein architecture F False vein count False vein fusion Finer nerve I
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South America (Argentina, Bolivia). Species 6 (1 in the flora). A chromosome count for Alvaradoa subovata Cronquist of Argentina is 2n = 16 (A. M. Sanso and
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gynoecium A Part of gynoecium C Carpel Carpel architecture Carpel atypical count Carpel count Carpel fusion Carpel position C cont. Carpel shape Carpel size P Pistillode
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arrangement Placenta atypical count Placenta atypical quantity Placenta count Placenta development Placenta quantity R Ring meristem count S Scleroderm E Eccentric
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and diploid, with a chromosome count of n = 12, whereas P. floridanum is dioicous and haploid, with a chromosome count of n = 6. Although Plagiomnium cuspidatum
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diploid throughout its range (M. B. Burgess et al., unpubl.). The triploid count (2n = 51) is represented by a single specimen determined by W. A. Robinson
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grandiflora, n = 24; P. H. Raven and W. Tai (1979) reported one anomalous count of n = 48], and one decaploid (L. hexapetala, n = 40; see also G. L. Nesom
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microsporangium count E Eusporangium Eusporangium count Eusporangium fusion Eusporangium reproduction M Megasporangium Megasporangium count Megasporangium
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position Embryo shape Embryo size Endosperm Endosperm coating Endosperm count Endosperm count or density Endosperm derivation Endosperm function Endosperm fusion
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papilla near apex on upper surface. > 6 5 Seeds with 35–70 indistinct ribs (to count ribs remove membranous pericarp), staying within fruit wall after ripening;
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the key to facilitate identification; it is not included in the species count. Kral, R. 1978. A synopsis of Fuirena (Cyperaceae) for the Americas north
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digynum) and 2n = 12 (C. M. Rogers et al. 1972); either would be the lowest count in the family (Rogers et al.). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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and subtropical coasts. Genera 5, species 8 (1 in the flora). The generic count includes Recchia Moçiño & Sessé ex de Candolle, retained in Simaroubaceae
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al. 2004) indicate a base number of x = 5 for Glossostigma. An anomalous count (2n = 32) has been reported for G. diandrum (Linnaeus) Kuntze from Bangladesh
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analyses show a closer relationship to D. montana. The single chromosome count of n = 18 for this species is somewhat questionable because it represents
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Apex character Apex coating Apex coloration Apex coloration or density Apex count Apex course Apex degree Apex dehiscence Apex depth Apex fixation or orientation
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adventive from the Gulf Coast of Florida; it is not included in the species count. It has subtrigonous achenes and three stigmas, and it would seem to key
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atypical length Pulp atypical width Pulp color Pulp coloration Pulp count Pulp count or density Pulp length Pulp length or size Pulp pubescence or texture
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shape Sporophyll margin shape U Unit Unit count Unit diameter W Wing margin architecture or shape Wing margin count Wing margin length or size Wing margin
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descriptions, color photographs (including close-ups), and meiotic chromosome counts are very helpful in identification of species. Also, good herbarium specimens
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distal bract count Proximal distal bract texture Proximalmost bract architecture or shape Proximalmost bract arrangement Proximalmost bract count Proximalmost
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Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil). Chromosome counts of this species are not known from our region. A count of 2n = ca. 136 was reported for collections
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arrangement Base arrangement or relief Base arrangement or shape Base atypical count Base atypical length Base atypical some measurement Base atypical width Base
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(ovary). With respect to chromosome number, hundreds of Lemnaceae clones were counted, and three levels of cytological variations were identified: (1) intra-individual
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Á. Löve and D. Löve (1982b) and J. M. Canne (1987) reported a chromosome count of 2n = 44; J. Clausen (1929) and A. Gershoy (1934) reported 2n = 48. V.
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Wing atypical count Wing atypical some measurement Wing coloration Wing coloration or density Wing coloration or reflectance Wing count Wing dehiscence
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Apex character Apex coating Apex coloration Apex coloration or density Apex count Apex course Apex degree Apex dehiscence Apex depth Apex fixation or orientation
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arrangement Base arrangement or relief Base arrangement or shape Base atypical count Base atypical length Base atypical some measurement Base atypical width Base
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or relief Pollen count Pollen dehiscence Pollen diameter Pollen fusion Pollen relief Pollen shape Pollen texture S Slender filament count Stamen filament
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plants with rose petals are assigned to forma tomentosa. The chromosome count of 2n = 36 by J. T. Baldwin (1951) was for forma albiflora. None. None. window
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Chromosome counts can be useful in differentiating species but consistent numbers seem to be obtained only with meiotic counts. Some of the unusual counts reported
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dissemination and apparently facilitate imbibition (R. Vujičić et al. 1993). A count of 2000 seeds per capsule, which appears widely in the literature, apparently
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be used to control several aquatic weeds in irrigation canals. The n = 4 count reported from Kansas under E. parvula var. anachaeta (Anonymous 1964) and
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base chromosome number for Cerastium is often cited as x = 9, only a single count of 2n = 18 is known; see C. Favarger and M. Krähenbühl (1996) for a discussion
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architecture or pubescence or relief Megaspore atypical count Megaspore coloration Megaspore count Megaspore diameter Megaspore pubescence or relief M cont
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18 is high by his count; he reported 12 as the maximum number for the specimens he sampled and that fits the specimens I have counted from Arizona. None
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J. L. Reveal and C. B. Hardham (1989) reported a consistent chromosome count of n = 15 plus (seemingly) additional chromosome fragments that bring the
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1987; L. E. McKinney 1992). After contemplating the 2n = 44 chromosome count obtained by J. Clausen (1964), H. E. Ballard (pers. comm.) suggested that
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genera, 208 species in the flora; 1 genus, 6 species introduced). The overall count for orchid genera in the flora includes Spathoglottis plicata Blume, which
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Tap-root Taproot Taproot architecture Taproot architecture or shape Taproot count Taproot density T cont. Taproot derivation Taproot duration Taproot fragility
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reported for Bistorta officinalis (B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson 2000+, vol. 1). A count of 2n = 48 made by Á. Löve and D. Löve (1988) was from a plant from California;
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reported a chromosome count of 2n = 20 for Fallopia cilinodis. All other counts summarized by J. P. Bailey and C. A. Stace (1992) and counts by M. H. Kim et
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recorded a tetraploid count of 2n = 28 from Hinsdale County, Colorado, but subsp. fendleri does not occur in that state, and his count is based on plants
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two inflorescences in proximity are derived from the same system. Thus, counting inflorescences as a measure of population sizes is essentially meaningless
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uniformity, have challenged attempts to delimit species in Pyrola. Chromosome counts for all species are diploid (2n = 46) except for the boreal European species
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coloration Seed-cone coloration or density S cont. Seed-cone condition Seed-cone count Seed-cone course Seed-cone distance Seed-cone duration Seed-cone height or
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cluster density Axillary cluster sexes Axillary cluster size B Basal rosette count C Cluster D Distal whorl length or size F Fascicle I Inner whorl quantity
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specimens identified as P. hauptiana in Eurasia have a tetraploid chromosome count. Specimens from Alaska, the Yukon, and Saskatchewan, identified as P. hauptiana
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C. calcitrapa (2n = 20), has been reported from California. A chromosome count of 2n = 42 has been reported from California material of this nothospecies
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number of which actually indicate eleven haploid chromosomes. Woodworth's count may be largely, if not entirely responsible for the persistence of this number
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of the published chromosone number reports for E. compressa, except for a count of 2n = 24 (presumably made by L. J. Harms) that is given on a herbarium
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subspherical (plump). The number of ovules per ovary can be determined by counting funiculi remaining in mature capsules after seeds have been shed. For definitions
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serration, and for double- or multi-serrations only each main serration is counted. Inflorescences include measurements of pedicel lengths; pedicels are slender
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form Strobilus arrangement Strobilus atypical count Strobilus atypical some measurement Strobilus count Strobilus development S cont. Strobilus length
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species. For this complex C. H. Uhl (1952) cited six published chromosome counts from Greenland through Eurasia to Japan, all n = 11 or 2n = 22; he found
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keeled, 2.5–5.4 × 1.8–3.3 cm, 1.1–2.3 times longer than wide. Seeds not counted. Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Lilium humboldtii
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mm. 2n = 18, 24, 25, 26-28, about 39, 52. The voucher specimens for these counts have not been examined. Generated Map Legacy Map Wash., Va., Wis., W.Va
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stomatal count Abaxial stomatal prominence S Stoma Stomatal Stomatal arrangement Stomatal atypical count Stomatal coloration S cont. Stomatal count Stomatal
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large-flowered hybrids of Penstemon (D. Lindgren and E. Wilde 2003). A chromosome count of n = 32 (R. Piotrowska 1934) appears doubtful. None. Penstemon cobaea var
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cm; apices bifid2-cleft. Inflorescences with 3 orders of branching (not counting main inflorescence axis), arching, equaling or exceeding leaves in length
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architecture or shape Bristle atypical some measurement Bristle coloration Bristle count Bristle course Bristle duration Bristle fragility B cont. Bristle height
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These small plants include the voucher specimens of the 2n = 12 chromosome count from British Columbia, and seem to fit E. kamtschatica as described by I
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cont. Cystolith shape E Epidermal H Hypodermis Hypodermis atypical count Hypodermis count P Paraphyllium S Spicule Stomatal complex Subepidermal W Wax Wax
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72) populations reported (see G. Petersen 1989). All counts from North American populations counted have a somatic number of 36 chromosomes. Species 1.
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chromosome count given for Ivesia sericoleuca by P. A. Munz (1959) most likely was based on a collection of I. aperta var. aperta. The chromosome count given
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2n = 16 reported by N. H. Holmgren (1993) is likely an error based on a count for Scrophularia californica reported in P. H. Raven et al. (1965) and later
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(1931) reported a chromosome count of n = 48 for P. laevigatus. Without a voucher, it is impossible to know if this count was for the species as treated
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chromosome count of 2n = 28 (P. A. Munz 1959) needs confirmation. If based on Kruckeberg 3665, which was distributed as a voucher for that count, the determination
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form Pistil arrangement Pistil atypical count Pistil atypical quantity Pistil coloration P cont. Pistil count Pistil fixation Pistil fixation or orientation
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acceptably vouchered chromosome counts for Bolboschoenus maritimus are available from North America. The voucher for the 2n = 90 count by N. A. Harriman (1981)
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walkeri subsp. walkeri (only one tetraploid population)]; no chromosome counts are available for the remaining two species, C. atwoodii and C. confertiflora
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tetraploid; it is possible that it was not a European specimen, so this count may be unreliable. The name Spiraea salicifolia is often misapplied to individuals
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Elevation: 1200–2100 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.C., Tenn. The chromosome count of n = 16 by Adams (in N. K. B. Robson and W. P. Adams 1968) is now regarded
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, Kans., La., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tex., Va. A chromosome count has not been reported for Pleuridium sullivantii. Sterile innovations are
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Bay. The single octoploid count for P. incana is questionable; the species appears to be consistently hexaploid in other counts. None. None. window.prop
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diploid species of Poa known to be native to North America. The tetraploid count was obtained from a single giant individual. Poa occidentalis has been confused
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about breeding systems and chromosome numbers, there being only one triploid count (N. Talent and T. A. Dickinson 2005), that from a cultivated specimen of
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morphology. Chromosome counts have been reported for some species; because of the unreliability of identifications, vouchers for those counts should be restudied
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mm (margins broadly winged). 2n = 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72 (including counts from Europe). Phenology: Flowering late Apr–early Jul (south), mid Jul–mid
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Glandular-hair arrangement G cont. Glandular-hair coloration Glandular-hair count Glandular-hair count or density Glandular-hair development Glandular-hair height or
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Plantlet Plantlet size Plants Plants perennial habitat S Sporophyte Sporophyte count Sporophyte development W Winter-annual R Rhizoid
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