interior surface; endostome about the same height as the exostome, with a high basal membrane about half the height of the exostome, and 64 irregularly anastomosing
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10 Panicles conic, height 2–4 times diam.; stamens 25–35; staminodes 0. Spiraea douglasii 10 Panicles hemispheric to obconic, height 1–1.5 times diam.;
12 KB (920 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
teeth papillose to base, endostome basal membrane less than 1/3 endostome height, cilia reduced or absent, etc.) in association with erect capsules and usually
20 KB (981 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
endostome hyaline or yellowish, with a high basal membrane about half the height of the exostome, and 64 irregularly anastomosing, nodose cilia papillose
4 KB (358 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
anthers. Pistillate flowers green, turbinate, 5–6 mm diam.; stigma at same height as staminode anthers. Pseudodrupes yellowish, pyriform or subglobose, 2–3
3 KB (279 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
polyoicous; peristome well developed; endostome basal membrane 1/2 exostome height; spores 10-26(-30) µm > 2 1 Sexual condition usually synoicous, rarely autoicous
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densely canescent-tomentose, hairs conic to cylindric, dendritic, uneven in height. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite; petiole 1–2 mm; blade obovate to oblong-obovate
3 KB (272 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
Stems spreading to erect, typically without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 height of plant; caudex stems absent or spreading; aerial flowering stems erect
8 KB (589 words) - 22:56, 27 October 2022
to exostome, basal membrane high, 1/2–2/3 exostome length, segments same height as exostome, widely perforated, cilia 2 or 3, appendiculate. Spores shed
10 KB (628 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
Stems spreading to erect, with or without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 height of plant; caudex stems absent; aerial flowering stems erect to spreading
9 KB (567 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
narrowly to broadly triangular, or triangular-lanceolate, base 30–50% of height. Flowers 1(–2) per involucre; perianth white, pink, or shades of purple
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9–16, 4–5.5 × 2–2.5 mm, chartaceous, nonreticulate dehiscent part 70–80% of height, tip reflexed and cuspidate, indehiscent part not wider than dehiscent part
3 KB (252 words) - 18:13, 6 November 2020
lobe near stem with 2 or more cells; broad pedicel cell often 1/2 or more height of hair, apical cell curved, with tip nearly parallel to leaf surface. Megaspores
3 KB (235 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
upper leaf lobe near stem 2(–3)-celled; broad pedicel cell often 1/2 or more height of hair, apical cell curved, with tip nearly parallel to leaf surface. Megaspores
3 KB (245 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
filaments longer than anther, positioning anthers above nectary lobes at height of stigma; styles 2 mm. Pseudodrupes nearly spheric, 7 × 8 mm, borne on
4 KB (402 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
lanate. Stems decumbent to spreading, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted to spreading; aerial flowering stems scapelike
8 KB (582 words) - 18:06, 6 November 2020
10–75% of height, indehiscent part ± equaling to usually wider than dehiscent part > 2 1 Plants perennial; mericarps: dehiscent part 50–85% of height, indehiscent
12 KB (431 words) - 20:45, 10 May 2024
total endostome height > 3 3 Endostome in recently dehisced capsules pale, brownish to yellowish, basal membrane 36-45% total endostome height, cilia well
6 KB (447 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
Common names: Starflower Etymology: Latin, one-third of a foot, alluding to height Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 303. Mentioned on page
4 KB (287 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
Inflorescences mostly terminal, conic panicles, [5–]8–25 × 3–6[–10] cm height 2–4 times diam. branches glabrous or glabrescent to tomentose. Pedicels
4 KB (318 words) - 19:08, 6 November 2020
units. The depth of the cup will always be less than its height, but a simple translation of height to depth does not exist. Species ca. 195 (35 in the flora)
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mericarps 13, 3–6 × 2–4.5 mm, chartaceous, nonreticulate dehiscent part 60% of height, tip rounded, indehiscent part not wider than dehiscent part. Seeds 1 or
3 KB (199 words) - 18:10, 6 November 2020
13, 4.5–6 × 2–2.5 mm, chartaceous, nonreticulate dehiscent part 55–80% of height, tip acute, indehiscent part not wider than dehiscent part. Seeds 1 or 2
3 KB (225 words) - 18:10, 6 November 2020
lamina smooth; awn smooth or sharply serrulate; lamellae 10–12 cells in height, not lobed, sometimes bearing filaments. Capsule stegocarpous (or stegocarpous
3 KB (226 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
reddish. Stems matted, occasionally with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike,erect or
5 KB (513 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
to spreading, occasionally with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 or more height of plant; caudex stems matted or spreading; aerial flowering stems spreading
9 KB (657 words) - 18:07, 6 November 2020
spreading or erect, often with persistent leaf bases, up to 3/4 or more height of plant; caudex stems absent or somewhat matted; aerial flowering stems
8 KB (753 words) - 18:08, 6 November 2020
grayish. Stems spreading or erect, without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 height of plant; caudex stems absent; aerial flowering stems erect or nearly so
7 KB (527 words) - 18:10, 6 November 2020
lamellae longitudinally inserted on adaxial surface of costa, ca. 12 cells in height, occasionally lobed or branching, smooth or hollow-papillose, adaxial cells
6 KB (586 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
exostome height, cilia reduced or absent. Ptychostomum rutilans 13 Laminal cell walls thin, not porose; endostome basal membrane 1/2 exostome height, cilia
8 KB (360 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
trunk to 2m diam., usually (when forest grown) branch-free over most of height; crown short, conic. Bark reddish brown, scaly, with deep furrows between
3 KB (282 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
lax, veins prominent. Panicles 4-20(24) cm long, less than 1/4 the plant height, lax; nodes with 1-3 branches; branches ascending to spreading, lax, angled
4 KB (397 words) - 14:53, 14 December 2022
5 × 2.5–3 mm, thick, coriaceous, nonreticulate dehiscent part 10–35% of height, muticous, indehiscent part usually wider than dehiscent part. Seeds 1 per
4 KB (316 words) - 20:53, 10 May 2024
9–15, 3.5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, chartaceous, nonreticulate dehiscent part 65–85% of height, muticous to cuspidate, indehiscent part not wider than dehiscent part.
3 KB (263 words) - 18:13, 6 November 2020
glabrous, green. Stems spreading, without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems spreading, glabrous; aerial flowering stems erect
4 KB (310 words) - 18:06, 6 November 2020
terminal, corymbiform or hemispheric panicles, 100–1000+-flowered, 2–4 × 2–4 cm height 0.8–1 times diam.; branches glabrous or puberulent. Pedicels 1–3(–5) mm
4 KB (309 words) - 19:08, 6 November 2020
Inflorescences loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. Flowers: bracteoles
5 KB (419 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
blades 7-16(33) cm long, lanceolate-fusiform; culms leafy for 80% of their height. > 3 3 Axils of the panicle branches scabrous; fertile florets diverging
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Stems spreading to erect, with or without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 height of plant; caudex stems absent or spreading to matted; aerial flowering stems
5 KB (547 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
Phyllodia absent. Scapes 1–2, from 1 bud, 12–75 cm, usually 1.5–2(–3) times height of tallest pitchers; bracts 0.4–1 cm. Flowers strongly fragrant; sepals
5 KB (532 words) - 18:17, 6 November 2020
sheaths hairy throughout. > 33 33 Panicles usually more than 1/2 the total height of the plant, breaking at the base of the peduncle at maturity and becoming
20 KB (1,030 words) - 01:29, 21 December 2023
annual, cespitose, 0.03–0.36 dm. Culms to 5. Leaves to 1.8 cm, 1/2–1 1/3 height of plant. Inflorescences solitary flowers. Flowers 2-merous; : tepals 4(–6)
2 KB (197 words) - 18:20, 13 March 2024
spreading to erect, with or without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 or more height of plant; caudex stems absent or spreading, occasionally matted; aerial
6 KB (591 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
bract, inflated sheath present. Staminate flowers: anthers attached at same height on axis. Pistillate flowers sessile, styles divided into 2 long stigmas
2 KB (174 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
teeth lengthened by tearing of sinus between teeth); culm papillose at mid height (20X on young culms). Carex infirminervia 5 Perigynium apex with teeth (0
6 KB (361 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
bulging cells. Carex timida 8 Tallest culms less than 0.4 of total plant height, erect; perigynia (7–)7.5–8.9(–10.8) mm; beak (3.6–)4.1–5(–6.4) mm; peduncles
8 KB (470 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
greenish. Stems spreading to erect, without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/8 height of plant; caudex stems absent; aerial flowering stems erect to spreading
4 KB (334 words) - 18:05, 6 November 2020
grayish. Stems spreading, usually with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike, erect or
4 KB (337 words) - 23:11, 5 November 2020
glabrous or villous. Stems erect, without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems absent; aerial flowering stems erect, slender to
4 KB (338 words) - 18:05, 6 November 2020
glabrous, greenish. Stems spreading, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike,weakly erect
3 KB (277 words) - 18:08, 6 November 2020
usually grayish. Stems spreading, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems erect to slightly
3 KB (309 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
glandular-hairy, greenish. Stems matted, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike, weakly
4 KB (307 words) - 18:07, 6 November 2020
spreading or matted, occasionally with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 or more height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems erect or nearly so
5 KB (428 words) - 18:08, 6 November 2020
mostly terminal, narrowly conic to open, pyramidal panicles, 5–20 × 3–10 cm height 1.4–3.5 times diam.; branches usually in axils of leaves, puberulent to
5 KB (580 words) - 19:08, 6 November 2020
(3.7–)4.4–7 mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.48–0.93 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes glabrous or barely scaberulous; peduncles of
4 KB (490 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
floccose. Stems spreading to erect, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems erect to spreading
4 KB (353 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
glabrous. Stems spreading, often without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 height of plant; caudex stems absent or spreading in moving sand; aerial flowering
5 KB (563 words) - 18:08, 6 November 2020
spreading to erect, occasionally with persistent leaf bases, up to 3/4 or more height of plant, often with a distinct main trunk up to 1 dm thick; caudex stems
4 KB (394 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
atypical width Leaflet coating Leaflet coloration Leaflet fragility Leaflet height or length or size Leaflet l w ratio Leaflet length Leaflet odor Leaflet
372 bytes (2,401 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
03–0.25 dm. Culms to 150, 0.1–0.2 mm wide. Leaves to 0.9 cm, 1/4–1 times height of plant. Inflorescences terminal solitary flowers; bracts subtending inflorescence
3 KB (251 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
Peduncles 1(–2) per plant, 3.5–6 × 0.4–0.7 cm; strobilus length 1/2–1/3 total height; leaves spreading, 5–6 × 0.5–0.8 mm, margins rarely toothed. Strobili 10–20
3 KB (228 words) - 23:34, 20 February 2024
cm, 0.8-1 mm thick at the nodes, rarely branched, leafy for 80% of their height. Sheaths glabrous; collars pilose; ligules 0.2-0.3 mm, irregularly laciniate;
3 KB (295 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
Mentioned on page 516. Shrubs or trees, trunks to 35 cm diam. at breast height; twigs of current season reddish green, glabrous, glaucous, or glandular-hairy
3 KB (213 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
cm, to 1 mm thick at the nodes, rarely branched, leafy for 80% of their height. Sheaths glabrous; collars glabrous; ligules 0.2-0.3 mm, entire; blades
3 KB (272 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
spreading to erect, often with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/2 or more height of plant; caudex stems absent or matted to spreading; aerial flowering stems
7 KB (683 words) - 11:24, 26 April 2023
irregularly canescent-tomentose, hairs conic to cylindric, dendritic, uneven in height. Leaves alternate or subopposite, sometimes opposite near stem apices; petiole
3 KB (208 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
Association Culms spreading to nodding, (10.7–)18–39 cm, 0.5–0.8 of total plant height. Leaves: basal sheaths pale brown to dark brown; blades green, exceeding
3 KB (368 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
slightly pilose, greenish. Stems matted, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems rarely scapelike,
4 KB (410 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
matted or spreading, occasionally with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted or absent; aerial flowering stems scapelike
4 KB (352 words) - 18:04, 6 November 2020
variation in A. columbianum floral characters such as nectary depth and hood height. Data for Iowa and Wisconsin populations can be found in D. E. Brink (1982
6 KB (546 words) - 22:46, 5 November 2020
panicle density Distal panicle height or length or size Distal spike architecture Distal spike density Distal spike height or length or size G Glome Glome
417 bytes (2,448 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
branchlet width Lateral main-stem height or length or size Lateral shoot architecture Lateral shoot count L cont. Lateral shoot height or length or size Lateral
372 bytes (1,746 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
grayish. Stems spreading to erect, without persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems absent; aerial flowering stems erect, slender, solid
4 KB (436 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
60-150 cm, (1)2-3.5 mm thick at the nodes, unbranched, leafy for 40% of their height. Sheaths pilose; collars pilose; ligules 0.2-0.3 mm, entire; blades (15)20-50
3 KB (303 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
150 cm, 2-4 mm thick at the nodes, rarely branched, leafy for 80% of their height. Sheaths glabrous; collars glabrous; ligules 0.7-1 mm, entire; blades (7)9-18(22)
4 KB (377 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
40-130 cm, to 1 mm thick at the nodes, unbranched, leafy for 50% of their height. Sheaths glabrous; collars glabrous; ligules 0.2-0.4 mm, entire; blades
3 KB (343 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
midlobe longer than secondary lobes. Mericarps: dehiscent part 10–35% of height. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat: Rocky, sandy, or silty soil
3 KB (152 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
midlobe ± equaling secondary lobes. Mericarps: dehiscent part 10–20% of height. 2n = 10. Phenology: Flowering spring(–fall). Habitat: Dry plains, prairies
3 KB (173 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
culms (3.7–)4.3–5.5 mm wide. Inflorescences: 8.8–36 cm, 0.68–0.95 of culm height; internodes between proximal scales in proximalmost spike 2.4–3 mm; internodes
4 KB (542 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
orientation Anther depth Anther diameter Anther duration Anther fixation Anther height or length or size Anther length Anther length or size Anther orientation
430 bytes (1,651 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Abaxial and lateral central spine course Abaxial and lateral central spine height or length or size Abaxial and lateral central spine length Abaxial and lateral
428 bytes (1,808 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
florets; pedicels divergent. > 12 12 Panicles 4-20 cm long, less than 1/2 the height of the plant; pedicels 1.5-5 mm long; glandular pits often present below
28 KB (983 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
presented by J. C. Semple and F. D. Bowers (1985) is followed here. Involucre height increases somewhat with age, making assignment of post flowering specimens
6 KB (529 words) - 19:30, 6 November 2020
floccose, grayish. Stems spreading, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike, erect,
5 KB (518 words) - 23:11, 5 November 2020
abaxially or sparsely hispidulous on midrib. Inflorescences 0.19–0.48 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes smooth or barely scaberulous; peduncles of
4 KB (469 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
sparsely antrorsely scaberulous on main veins. Inflorescences 0.56–1 of culm height; peduncles of lateral smooth; peduncles of terminal spikes (0.5–)1.6–15(–31)
4 KB (469 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
Heads 10–100 in compact to lax, corymbiform arrays (less than 1/3 plant height). Peduncles 2–10 cm, stipitate-glandular (glands 0.05–0.2 mm); bracteoles
4 KB (372 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
3.3–5.3(–8) mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.33–0.90 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes smooth or barely scaberulous; peduncles of
4 KB (529 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
papillae especially on overwintered leaves. Inflorescences 0.22–0.86 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes smooth or barely scaberulous; peduncles of
4 KB (446 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
5 times as wide as high, smooth or slightly warty or with warts equaling height of ribs; sulci smooth. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early fall. Habitat:
5 KB (487 words) - 23:02, 5 November 2020
sparsely antrorsely scaberulous on main veins. Inflorescences 0.40–1 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes smooth; peduncles of terminal spikes 0.7–20(–51)
4 KB (495 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
2–3.5(–3.9) mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.31–0.94 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes barely scaberulous or smooth; peduncles of
4 KB (428 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
2.4–4(–5.3) mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.094–0.94 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes smooth or barely scaberulous; peduncles of
4 KB (448 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
2–3.6 mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences (0.88–)0.94–0.99 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spikes barely scaberulous or smooth; peduncles of
4 KB (482 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
abaxially or midrib antrorsely scaberulous. Inflorescences 0.37–0.72 of culm height; peduncles of lateral spike barely scaberulous; peduncles of terminal spikes
3 KB (404 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
matted, sometimes only seemingly so, with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/5 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems absent or scapelike
6 KB (674 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
grayish. Stems spreading, usually with persistent leaf bases, up to 1/4 height of plant; caudex stems matted; aerial flowering stems scapelike, erect or
5 KB (485 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
flag leaf blades 1-4 cm. Panicles (5)10-15(25) cm long, 1/4-1/2 the plant height, usually erect, infrequently slightly nodding, usually eventually open,
4 KB (434 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
angular-ovate, somewhat 6-angled or -winged, 7–10 mm, ± equaling filament height; stigmas erect, divergent-recurved, distinct, ± linear, 4–6 mm, slightly
4 KB (400 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
individual plants, because of environmentally induced modifications affecting height and branching. Many taxonomically trivial varieties and forms have been
10 KB (489 words) - 15:20, 2 June 2022